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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919706-the-legality-and-lethality-of-armed-conflict-guest-henry-sokolski-henry-sokolski-analyzes-a-pu"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709958/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709958/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709958/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709958/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709958/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadac0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709958/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep1044: The Legality and Lethality of Armed Conflict. Guest: Henry Sokolski. Henry Sokolski analyzes a public memo from Admiral Brad Cooper regarding the legitimacy of lethal force. They discuss the necessity of proportionality in conflict, arguing that avoiding 
</h5>
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The Legality and Lethality of Armed Conflict. Guest: Henry Sokolski. Henry Sokolski analyzes a public memo from Admiral Brad Cooper regarding the legitimacy of lethal force. They discuss the necessity of proportionality in conflict, arguing that avoiding civilian targets like nuclear reactors is a military requirement for success, as destroying essential infrastructure alienates populations and...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782175614" data-format="short_date">Jun 23</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919705-hamas-sidelined-in-regional-talks-guest-samuel-ben-ur-and-bill-roggio-samuel-ben-ur-explains-w"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709952/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709952/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709952/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709952/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709952/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c08d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709952/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep1044: Hamas Sidelined in Regional Talks. Guest: Samuel Ben-Ur and Bill Roggio. Samuel Ben-Ur explains why Hamas has been sidelined in recent Iranian negotiations compared to Hezbollah. Relations soured when Hamas failed to support Iranian strikes against Qatari
</h5>
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Hamas Sidelined in Regional Talks. Guest: Samuel Ben-Ur and Bill Roggio. Samuel Ben-Ur explains why Hamas has been sidelined in recent Iranian negotiations compared to Hezbollah. Relations soured when Hamas failed to support Iranian strikes against Qatari targets. Currently, Hamas remains funded by Qatar and Turkey while maintaining a brutal &quot;reign of terror&quot; over the portions of Gaza it still ...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782175544" data-format="short_date">Jun 23</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919704-pakistan-as-a-strategic-mediator-guest-ambassador-hussain-haqqani-and-bill-roggio-john-batchel"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709948/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709948/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709948/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709948/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709948/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d73; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709948/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep1044: Pakistan as a Strategic Mediator. Guest: Ambassador Hussain Haqqani and Bill Roggio. John Batchelor examines Pakistan&#39;s role as a mediator between the United States and Iran. Ambassador Haqqani explains that Pakistan provided an &quot;exit ramp&quot; for the Trump 
</h5>
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Pakistan as a Strategic Mediator. Guest: Ambassador Hussain Haqqani and Bill Roggio. John Batchelor examines Pakistan&#39;s role as a mediator between the United States and Iran. Ambassador Haqqani explains that Pakistan provided an &quot;exit ramp&quot; for the Trump administration by utilizing its unique access to the IRGC and Iran&#39;s power structure to facilitate communication and avoid further military es...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782175499" data-format="short_date">Jun 23</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919702-the-fog-of-diplomacy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz-guest-ambassador-hussain-haqqani-and-bill-roggio"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709942/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709942/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709942/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709942/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709942/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5a738d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709942/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1044: The Fog of Diplomacy in the Strait of Hormuz. Guest: Ambassador Hussain Haqqani and Bill Roggio. Guests discuss competing headlines regarding &quot;progress&quot; in US-Iran negotiations and ongoing tensions in the Strait of Hormuz. Ambassador Haqqani notes neither
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<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Fog of Diplomacy in the Strait of Hormuz. Guest: Ambassador Hussain Haqqani and Bill Roggio. Guests discuss competing headlines regarding &quot;progress&quot; in US-Iran negotiations and ongoing tensions in the Strait of Hormuz. Ambassador Haqqani notes neither side has achieved its original war aims, while Bill Roggio argues the US lacks the military will to reopen the Strait, leaving Iran with the ...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782175426" data-format="short_date">Jun 23</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919669-the-provided-text-is-a-transcript-from-the-john-batchelor-show-featuring-a-deep-dive-discussi"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709836/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709836/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709836/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709836/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709836/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709836/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1043: The provided text is a transcript from the **John Batchelor Show** featuring a deep-dive discussion on the fragile diplomatic landscape involving the **United States**, **Iran**, and **Israel**. The participants analyze the &quot;ceaseless fire&quot; in **Lebanon**
</h5>
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STREAMING THE MAKING OF THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, FEATURING BILL ROGGIO, HUSAIN HAQQANI, SAMUEL BEN-UR, 6-22-26

1903 PERSIA

The provided text is a transcript from the John Batchelor Show featuring a deep-dive discussion on the fragile diplomatic landscape involving the United States, Iran, and Israel. The participants analyze the &quot;ceaseless fire&quot; in Lebanon and the Straits of Hormuz, questioni...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782168947" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919597-preview-for-later-today-guest-samuel-ben-ur-samuel-ben-ur-from-the-foundation-for-defense-of"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709616/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709616/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709616/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709616/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709616/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709616/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1043: Preview for Later Today: Guest: Samuel Ben-Ur. Samuel Ben-Ur, from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, identifies Hamas as being sustained by funding and political cover from Qatar and Turkey. He questions their roles as mediators while providing t
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Preview for Later Today: Guest: Samuel Ben-Ur. Samuel Ben-Ur, from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, identifies Hamas as being sustained by funding and political cover from Qatar and Turkey. He questions their roles as mediators while providing terror groups shelter.
1922 GAZA GREAT MOSQUE
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782158685" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919580-preview-for-later-today-guest-edmund-fitton-brown-edmund-fitton-brown-critiques-the-u-s-iran"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709558/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709558/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709558/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709558/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709558/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d5a; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709558/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1042: Preview for Later Today: Guest: Edmund Fitton-Brown. Edmund Fitton-Brown critiques the U.S.-Iran memorandum of understanding as a disastrous negotiation. He argues the deal incorporates Iranian tricks, frontloads their benefits, and undermines the United 
</h5>
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Preview for Later Today: Guest: Edmund Fitton-Brown. Edmund Fitton-Brown critiques the U.S.-Iran memorandum of understanding as a disastrous negotiation. He argues the deal incorporates Iranian tricks, frontloads their benefits, and undermines the United States and its regional ally, Israel.
1721 PERSIA
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782157446" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919578-preview-for-later-today-guest-john-hardie-john-hardie-explains-ukraine-s-efforts-to-address-ma"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709552/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709552/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709552/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709552/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709552/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #737373; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709552/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1042: Preview for Later Today: Guest: John Hardie. John Hardie explains Ukraine&#39;s efforts to address manpower issues through new service commitment rules and increased pay. Despite these challenges, funding remains secure through the current defense budget and 
</h5>
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1917 ODESSA CIRCUS
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782157351" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919573-preview-for-later-today-guest-general-blaine-holt-general-blaine-holt-advocates-for-urgent-mil"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709530/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709530/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709530/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709530/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709530/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709530/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep1042: Preview for Later Today: Guest: General Blaine Holt. General Blaine Holt advocates for urgent military procurement reform. He highlights the shift from rapid wartime innovation to decades-long delays, blaming a &quot;mafioso machine&quot; of lobbyists and bureaucra
</h5>
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Preview for Later Today: Guest: General Blaine Holt. General Blaine Holt advocates for urgent military procurement reform. He highlights the shift from rapid wartime innovation to decades-long delays, blaming a &quot;mafioso machine&quot; of lobbyists and bureaucrats for staggering costs and inefficiencies.
1922 France
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782156816" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919569-preview-for-later-today-guest-josh-rogin-josh-rogin-examines-the-implications-of-lifting-syria"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709516/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709516/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709516/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709516/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709516/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709516/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1042: Preview for Later Today: Guest: Josh Rogin. Josh Rogin examines the implications of lifting Syria&#39;s state-sponsor-of-terrorism designation. He discusses how this move could potentially provide a legal path for victims to settle long-standing court judgmen
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Preview for Later Today: Guest: Josh Rogin. Josh Rogin examines the implications of lifting Syria&#39;s state-sponsor-of-terrorism designation. He discusses how this move could potentially provide a legal path for victims to settle long-standing court judgments and collect millions in compensation.
1920 Damascus
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782156609" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919568-preview-for-later-today-guest-henry-sokolski-henry-sokolski-analyzes-admiral-cooper-s-recent-r"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43709512/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709512/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709512/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709512/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43709512/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d73; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43709512/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1042: Preview for Later Today: Guest: Henry Sokolski. Henry Sokolski analyzes Admiral Cooper&#39;s recent remarks regarding the relationship between military lethality and proportionality. He explores the policy implications of this stance, specifically concerning 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Preview for Later Today: Guest: Henry Sokolski. Henry Sokolski analyzes Admiral Cooper&#39;s recent remarks regarding the relationship between military lethality and proportionality. He explores the policy implications of this stance, specifically concerning risks to critical infrastructure and international nuclear safety.
1945
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2m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782156372" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919248-3-in-the-setting-of-londinium-92-ad-gaius-and-germanicus-engage-in-a-series-of-debates-com"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708282/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708282/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708282/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708282/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708282/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708282/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1040:    (3) In the setting of Londinium, 92 AD, Gaius and Germanicus engage in a series of debates comparing the struggles of the ancient Roman Empire to the paradigms of power and exhaustion in the 21st century. Meteorology, Myth, and the Miracles of D-Day. R
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
(3) In the setting of Londinium, 92 AD, Gaius and Germanicus engage in a series of debates comparing the struggles of the ancient Roman Empire to the paradigms of power and exhaustion in the 21st century. Meteorology, Myth, and the Miracles of D-Day. Reviewing the film Pressure, the pair discusses how meteorological &quot;miracles&quot; and &quot;preternatural discipline&quot; decided the fate of D-Day. They concl...
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15m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782098119" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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15m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919252-2-in-the-setting-of-londinium-92-ad-gaius-and-germanicus-engage-in-a-series-of-debates-compar"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708296/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708296/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708296/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708296/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708296/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708296/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1041: (2) In the setting of Londinium, 92 AD, Gaius and Germanicus engage in a series of debates comparing the struggles of the ancient Roman Empire to the paradigms of power and exhaustion in the 21st century. The Tired Emperor and the Limits of Grandeur. The 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
C(2) In the setting of Londinium, 92 AD, Gaius and Germanicus engage in a series of debates comparing the struggles of the ancient Roman Empire to the paradigms of power and exhaustion in the 21st century. The Tired Emperor and the Limits of Grandeur. The duo explores the physical and metaphorical exhaustion of the &quot;emperor,&quot; critiquing his focus on aesthetic &quot;baubles&quot;—such as the reflecting po...
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18m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782098040" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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18m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919247-1-in-the-setting-of-londinium-92-ad-gaius-and-germanicus-engage-in-a-series-of-debates-compar"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708276/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708276/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708276/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708276/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708276/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0a6a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708276/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1040: (1) In the setting of Londinium, 92 AD, Gaius and Germanicus engage in a series of debates comparing the struggles of the ancient Roman Empire to the paradigms of power and exhaustion in the 21st century. Embracing Defeat: Strategic Bribery in the MiddleW
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
(1) In the setting of Londinium, 92 AD, Gaius and Germanicus engage in a series of debates comparing the struggles of the ancient Roman Empire to the paradigms of power and exhaustion in the 21st century. Embracing Defeat: Strategic Bribery in the Middle East. Addressing the conflict with Iran, Germanicus proposes &quot;embracing defeat&quot; as a sophisticated path to a &quot;win-win&quot; resolution. He likens p...
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21m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782097692" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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21m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919244-the-shift-to-australia-reimagining-the-british-empire-after-the-revolution-guest-professor-ric"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708266/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708266/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708266/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708266/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708266/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #f3dac0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708266/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: The Shift to Australia: Reimagining the British Empire After the Revolution. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. The loss of the American colonies forced Britain to seek new locations for its convicts, leading to the colonization of Australia. After failed exp
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Shift to Australia: Reimagining the British Empire After the Revolution. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. The loss of the American colonies forced Britain to seek new locations for its convicts, leading to the colonization of Australia. After failed experiments in West Africa, the British government turned to Botany Bay in 1786 out of desperation. The &quot;First Fleet&quot; arrived in 1788, signaling ...
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10m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782096683" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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10m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919242-peggy-shippen-the-mastermind-behind-benedict-arnold-s-defection-guest-professor-richard-bell"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708252/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708252/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708252/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708252/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708252/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708252/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: Peggy Shippen: The Mastermind Behind Benedict Arnold&#39;s Defection. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Peggy Shippen, the ambitious wife of Benedict Arnold, is portrayed as a central architect of his betrayal who likely encouraged him to monetize his position b
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Peggy Shippen: The Mastermind Behind Benedict Arnold&#39;s Defection. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Peggy Shippen, the ambitious wife of Benedict Arnold, is portrayed as a central architect of his betrayal who likely encouraged him to monetize his position by selling loyalty to the British. When the plot was discovered, she feigned &quot;hysteria&quot; to successfully deflect suspicion from herself, convinc...
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10m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782096466" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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10m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919241-the-global-strategy-of-vergennes-and-the-french-alliance-guest-professor-richard-bell-french-f"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708248/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708248/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708248/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708248/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708248/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708248/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: The Global Strategy of Vergennes and the French Alliance. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. French Foreign Minister Vergennes viewed the American Revolution as a strategic opportunity to weaken the British Empire and avenge losses from the Seven Years&#39; War. 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Global Strategy of Vergennes and the French Alliance. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. French Foreign Minister Vergennes viewed the American Revolution as a strategic opportunity to weaken the British Empire and avenge losses from the Seven Years&#39; War. He orchestrated covert aid before committing the French military in 1778, which transformed the rebellion into a global conflict spanning the ...
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8m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782096357" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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8m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919240-shattering-the-myth-of-hessian-invincibility-at-the-battle-of-trenton-guest-professor-richard-b"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708244/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708244/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708244/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708244/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708244/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0a68d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708244/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: Shattering the Myth of Hessian Invincibility at the Battle of Trenton. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. King George III rented 30,000 German soldiers, known as Hessians, to crush the American insurgency, leading to widespread patriot terror. Washington&#39;s vi
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Shattering the Myth of Hessian Invincibility at the Battle of Trenton. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. King George III rented 30,000 German soldiers, known as Hessians, to crush the American insurgency, leading to widespread patriot terror. Washington&#39;s victory at Trenton was a crucial symbolic blow that proved these &quot;savage cutthroats&quot; were human and defeatable. Following their capture, Hessian...
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9m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782096286" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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9m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919239-the-influence-of-american-independence-on-the-irish-revolution-guest-professor-richard-bell-th"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708240/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708240/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708240/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708240/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708240/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a68d73; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708240/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: The Influence of American Independence on the Irish Revolution. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. The American Revolution signaled that British imperial control was not invincible, inspiring the 1798 Irish revolt by the United Irishmen. Irish-born soldiers w
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Influence of American Independence on the Irish Revolution. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. The American Revolution signaled that British imperial control was not invincible, inspiring the 1798 Irish revolt by the United Irishmen. Irish-born soldiers were so prevalent in Washington&#39;s ranks that British commanders nicknamed the Continental Army the &quot;Line of Ireland.&quot; Lord Cornwallis, famously...
</div>
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10m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782096160" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
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10m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919238-the-brutality-of-frontier-warfare-and-the-dispossession-of-native-nations-guest-professor-richa"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708236/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708236/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708236/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708236/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708236/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac08d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708236/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: The Brutality of Frontier Warfare and the Dispossession of Native Nations. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Molly Brant, a Mohawk woman, navigated the brutal Western frontier, which served as a massive thousand-mile battlefield characterized by &quot;scorched ea
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Brutality of Frontier Warfare and the Dispossession of Native Nations. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Molly Brant, a Mohawk woman, navigated the brutal Western frontier, which served as a massive thousand-mile battlefield characterized by &quot;scorched earth&quot; tactics against civilians. Most Native nations allied with the British to prevent patriot expansion onto their lands. However, following ...
</div>
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10m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782096077" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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10m
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</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919237-privateers-and-the-deadly-reality-of-british-prison-ships-guest-professor-richard-bell-private"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708230/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708230/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708230/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708230/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708230/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0a68d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708230/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: Privateers and the Deadly Reality of British Prison Ships. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Privateers were government-sanctioned pirates who caused significant economic damage to the British while the Continental Navy struggled. William Russell, a schoolte
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Privateers and the Deadly Reality of British Prison Ships. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Privateers were government-sanctioned pirates who caused significant economic damage to the British while the Continental Navystruggled. William Russell, a schoolteacher, joined a privateering vessel but was captured and imprisoned in the HMS Jersey, a floating &quot;black hole&quot; in Brooklyn Bay. Mortality rates...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
8m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782095982" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
8m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919234-baron-von-steuben-and-the-strategic-overhaul-at-valley-forge-guest-professor-richard-bell-baro"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708224/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708224/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708224/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708224/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708224/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #735a40; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708224/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1039: Baron von Steuben and the Strategic Overhaul at Valley Forge. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Baron von Steuben, a Prussian officer, arrived at Valley Forge during the harsh winter of 1777–1778, desperate for a career after being forced out of the Prussian
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Baron von Steuben and the Strategic Overhaul at Valley Forge. Guest: Professor Richard Bell. Baron von Steuben, a Prussian officer, arrived at Valley Forge during the harsh winter of 1777–1778, desperate for a career after being forced out of the Prussian military. Though he arrived in a brilliant uniform, he was essentially a &quot;soldier of fortune&quot; hired by Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane to i...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
10m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782095897" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
10m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919232-the-hungry-summer-and-the-stench-of-rot-guest-patrick-scanlan-scanlan-describes-the-unique"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708214/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708214/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708214/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708214/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708214/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708214/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038:   The &quot;Hungry Summer&quot; and the Stench of Rot. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. Scanlan describes the unique horror of the blight&#39;s progression, noting that it struck potatoes both in the ground and in storage. Typically, the summer was the &quot;hungry time&quot; in Ireland 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The &quot;Hungry Summer&quot; and the Stench of Rot. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. Scanlan describes the unique horror of the blight&#39;s progression, noting that it struck potatoes both in the ground and in storage. Typically, the summer was the &quot;hungry time&quot; in Ireland as stocks ran low before the new harvest. However, P. infestans ensured that even harvested and stored potatoes rotted, removing any buffer for ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782094063" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919231-phytophthora-infestans-the-science-of-the-blight-guest-patrick-scanlan-the-discussion-turns-t"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a6a6a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: Phytophthora Infestans: The Science of the Blight. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. The discussion turns to the biological cause of the famine: Phytophthora infestans, or the potato blight. Scanlan explains that Irish potatoes were grown from cuttings (clones), an
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Phytophthora Infestans: The Science of the Blight. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. The discussion turns to the biological cause of the famine: Phytophthora infestans, or the potato blight. Scanlan explains that Irish potatoes were grown from cuttings (clones), and this lack of genetic diversity made them uniquely vulnerable to pathogens. While Ireland had experienced localized crop failures before, the...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093955" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919229-the-conacre-system-and-the-disincentive-for-improvement-guest-patrick-scanlan-this-segment-def"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a6a6a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708204/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: The Conacre System and the Disincentive for Improvement. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. This segment defines the &quot;conacre&quot; system, a type of high-priced, short-term lease common in Ireland for growing potatoes. Unlike in England, where landlords and tenants ofte
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Conacre System and the Disincentive for Improvement. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. This segment defines the &quot;conacre&quot; system, a type of high-priced, short-term lease common in Ireland for growing potatoes. Unlike in England, where landlords and tenants often shared the costs of improvements, Irish land was rented &quot;soil only.&quot; This meant any improvements made by a tenant, such as building a canal ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093858" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919228-malthusian-logic-and-the-check-of-hunger-guest-patrick-scanlan-scanlan-discusses-the-influen"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708200/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708200/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708200/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708200/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708200/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708200/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: Malthusian Logic and the &quot;Check&quot; of Hunger. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. Scanlan discusses the influence of economist Thomas Robert Malthus on Victorian policy, noting his argument that population growth would inevitably outstrip food production. Malthus viewe
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Malthusian Logic and the &quot;Check&quot; of Hunger. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. Scanlan discusses the influence of economist Thomas Robert Malthus on Victorian policy, noting his argument that population growth would inevitably outstrip food production. Malthus viewed famine as nature&#39;s &quot;last most dreadful resource&quot; to restore balance. For Victorian policymakers, this logic justified a refusal to provide d...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
11m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093670" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
11m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919227-an-oligarchy-of-landlords-and-forced-enslavement-guest-patrick-scanlan-the-conversation-highli"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708194/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708194/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708194/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708194/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708194/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708194/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: An Oligarchy of Landlords and Forced Enslavement. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. The conversation highlights the staggering concentration of land ownership in the Victorian era, where a mere 4,000 people owned 80% of Ireland. Batchelor characterizes this as a fo
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
An Oligarchy of Landlords and Forced Enslavement. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. The conversation highlights the staggering concentration of land ownership in the Victorian era, where a mere 4,000 people owned 80% of Ireland. Batchelor characterizes this as a form of &quot;forced enslavement,&quot; noting that the Irish people never voted for this arrangement; it was imposed through historical conquest. Scanlan...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093583" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919225-conquest-and-the-legacy-of-the-ulster-plantation-guest-patrick-scanlan-batchelor-and-scanlan-t"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708186/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708186/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708186/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708186/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708186/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708186/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: Conquest and the Legacy of the Ulster Plantation. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. Batchelor and Scanlan trace the historical roots of land ownership in Ireland back to the conquests of Elizabeth I and Oliver Cromwell. Scanlan uses Shirley Castle in County Monagha
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Conquest and the Legacy of the Ulster Plantation. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. Batchelor and Scanlan trace the historical roots of land ownership in Ireland back to the conquests of Elizabeth I and Oliver Cromwell. Scanlan uses Shirley Castle in County Monaghan as an emblem of this era, noting the family were descendants of the Earl of Essex who received the land during the Ulster Plantation. The ca...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093414" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919224-the-fragile-three-legged-stool-of-irish-agriculture-guest-patrick-scanlan-the-discussion-explo"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708182/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708182/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708182/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708182/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708182/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadac0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708182/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: The Fragile Three-Legged Stool of Irish Agriculture. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. The discussion explores the specific mechanics of 19th-century Irish agriculture, which Scanlan describes as a &quot;three-legged stool&quot; of the potato, the pig, and turf fuel. The pot
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Fragile Three-Legged Stool of Irish Agriculture. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. The discussion explores the specific mechanics of 19th-century Irish agriculture, which Scanlan describes as a &quot;three-legged stool&quot; of the potato, the pig, and turf fuel. The potato acted as the &quot;glue&quot; for a system that was surprisingly productive; Ireland was a major agricultural exporter of beef, pork, and oats to Gr...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093328" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919222-the-ghost-story-of-skibbereen-and-queen-victoria-guest-patrick-scanlan-john-batchelor-introduc"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43708172/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708172/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708172/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708172/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43708172/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43708172/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1038: The Ghost Story of Skibbereen and Queen Victoria. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. John Batchelor introduces Professor Patrick Scanlan to discuss the Great Famine and its impact on the millions who fled to America. The conversation begins with a &quot;ghost story&quot; invo
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Ghost Story of Skibbereen and Queen Victoria. Guest: Patrick Scanlan. John Batchelor introduces Professor Patrick Scanlan to discuss the Great Famine and its impact on the millions who fled to America. The conversation begins with a &quot;ghost story&quot; involving Queen Victoria and the village of Skibbereen, which became an icon of the disaster after a journalist reported scenes of utter social co...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
11m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782093157" data-format="short_date">Jun 22</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
11m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919078-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-concludes-with-the-american-entry-under-general-john-j-pershing"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707556/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707556/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707556/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707556/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707556/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #73735a; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707556/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037:    Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd concludes with the American entry under General John J. Pershing in June 1917. Pershing arrived without an army but adamantly resisted &quot;amalgamation,&quot; the Allied demand to fold American troops into French and British units.
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd concludes with the American entry under General John J. Pershing in June 1917. Pershing arrived without an army but adamantly resisted &quot;amalgamation,&quot; the Allied demand to fold American troops into French and British units. Lloyd explains that Pershing insisted on maintaining a semi-independent force, despite the desperate pleas of leaders like Lloyd George during t...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
6m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782007927" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
6m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919077-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-analyzes-the-twinned-horrors-of-1916-verdun-and-the-somme-he-exp"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707552/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707552/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707552/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707552/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707552/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a6a6a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707552/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd analyzes the &quot;twinned&quot; horrors of 1916: Verdun and the Somme. He explains Falkenhayn&#39;s ruthless strategy at Verdun, which was designed purely to &quot;bleed the French white&quot; through industrial-scale killing. In response, the Briti
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd analyzes the &quot;twinned&quot; horrors of 1916: Verdun and the Somme. He explains Falkenhayn&#39;s ruthless strategy at Verdun, which was designed purely to &quot;bleed the French white&quot; through industrial-scale killing. In response, the British launched the Somme offensive to relieve the pressure, leading to a famous strategic dispute between Douglas Haig&#39;s desire for a breakthroug...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
14m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782007848" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
14m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919076-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-explores-the-strategic-impasse-of-late-1915-specifically-during-the"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707546/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707546/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707546/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707546/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707546/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707546/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd explores the strategic impasse of late 1915, specifically during the Second Battle of Champagne. He notes that both Joffre and Falkenhayn began to realize that traditional breakthroughs were becoming impossible, yet commanders
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd explores the strategic impasse of late 1915, specifically during the Second Battle of Champagne. He notes that both Joffre and Falkenhayn began to realize that traditional breakthroughs were becoming impossible, yet commanders remained reluctant to abandon the dream of decisive maneuver. Lloyd describes trench warfare not as a siege, but as a &quot;constant evolution&quot; wh...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782007707" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919075-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-recounts-the-high-stakes-drama-of-the-1914-german-invasion-focusing"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707542/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707542/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707542/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707542/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707542/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707542/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd recounts the high-stakes drama of the 1914 German invasion, focusing on the pivotal Battle of the Marne. He describes the near-destruction of the British Expeditionary Force and the internal conflict between Kitchener and Sir 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd recounts the high-stakes drama of the 1914 German invasion, focusing on the pivotal Battle of the Marne. He describes the near-destruction of the British Expeditionary Force and the internal conflict between Kitchener and Sir John French, where Kitchener had to personally intervene to prevent a British retreat that might have shattered the alliance. On the German si...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
12m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782007559" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
12m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919074-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-examines-the-british-entry-into-the-war-characterizing-it-as-a-grad"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707538/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707538/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707538/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707538/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707538/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707538/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd examines the British entry into the war, characterizing it as a gradual process hampered by friction between key leaders like Prime Minister Asquith, Lord Kitchener, and Sir John French. Initially, the British sent a tiny expe
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd examines the British entry into the war, characterizing it as a gradual process hampered by friction between key leaders like Prime Minister Asquith, Lord Kitchener, and Sir John French. Initially, the British sent a tiny expeditionary force of just four divisions, which the French viewed with constant hunger for more manpower. Lloyd details the massive expansion of...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782007279" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919073-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-discusses-the-french-defense-starting-with-general-joseph-joffre-a"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707534/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707534/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707534/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707534/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707534/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a6a68d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707534/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd discusses the French defense, starting with General Joseph Joffre, a steady &quot;engineer&quot; who saved France at the Marne by maintaining his nerve when his German counterpart collapsed. The conversation explores the intricate relat
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd discusses the French defense, starting with General Joseph Joffre, a steady &quot;engineer&quot; who saved France at the Marne by maintaining his nerve when his German counterpart collapsed. The conversation explores the intricate relationship between French military and political leaders, including President Raymond Poincaré, who worked to reassert political authority over t...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782007122" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919069-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-delves-into-the-german-high-command-highlighting-the-psychological"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707518/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707518/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707518/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707518/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707518/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0a68d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707518/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd delves into the German high command, highlighting the psychological burden on Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, who felt inadequate compared to his famous uncle. Moltke&#39;s lack of nerve led him to fatally alter the Schlieffen Pla
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd delves into the German high command, highlighting the psychological burden on Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, who felt inadequate compared to his famous uncle. Moltke&#39;s lack of nerve led him to fatally alter the Schlieffen Plan&#39;s right wing, eventually causing his nervous breakdown as the invasion stalled. Lloyd describes Kaiser Wilhelm II as an inconsistent &quot;weathe...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
9m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782005851" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
9m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919068-nick-lloyd-guest-nick-lloyd-discusses-his-ambition-to-provide-a-comprehensive-narrative-of-the-w"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707514/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707514/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707514/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707514/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707514/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707514/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1037: Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd discusses his ambition to provide a comprehensive narrative of the Western Front, emphasizing it as a massive coalition war involving multiple empires. He explains his focus on the operational level of senior commanders, aimin
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Nick Lloyd. Guest Nick Lloyd discusses his ambition to provide a comprehensive narrative of the Western Front, emphasizing it as a massive coalition war involving multiple empires. He explains his focus on the operational level of senior commanders, aiming to challenge the persistent &quot;lions led by donkeys&quot; myth. By examining the immense pressures and dilemmas faced by leadership, Lloyd hopes to...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
10m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782005769" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
10m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919064-adrian-wooldridge-concludes-by-recommending-a-remoralization-of-meritocracy-where-those-wit"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707496/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707496/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707496/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707496/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707496/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707496/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036:    Adrian Wooldridge concludes by recommending a &quot;remoralization&quot; of meritocracy, where those with talent view their abilities as a public duty rather than just a source of personal reward. He warns against abandoning objective testing (like the SAT), arg
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge concludes by recommending a &quot;remoralization&quot; of meritocracy, where those with talent view their abilities as a public duty rather than just a source of personal reward. He warns against abandoning objective testing (like the SAT), arguing that lotteries or subjective admissions are more &quot;gameable&quot; by the privileged. Finally, he stresses that the West must purify its meritocrat...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
15m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782004101" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
15m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919062-adrian-wooldridge-analyzes-the-populist-revolt-against-meritocracy-seen-in-brexit-and-the-electi"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707488/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707488/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707488/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707488/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707488/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707488/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge analyzes the populist revolt against meritocracy, seen in Brexit and the election of Donald Trump. Populists argue that &quot;experts&quot; lack common sense and have become an arrogant, self-satisfied elite. Critics like Christopher Lasch contend
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge analyzes the populist revolt against meritocracy, seen in Brexit and the election of Donald Trump. Populists argue that &quot;experts&quot; lack common sense and have become an arrogant, self-satisfied elite. Critics like Christopher Lasch contend that this elite has betrayed democracy by turning against traditional values. A &quot;degenerate version&quot; of meritocracy has emerged through assor...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
8m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782004024" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
8m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919061-adrian-wooldridge-revisits-the-historical-origins-of-hierarchy-noting-that-for-most-of-human-his"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707484/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707484/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707484/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707484/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707484/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadaa6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707484/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge revisits the historical origins of hierarchy, noting that for most of human history, family connections and dynasties were the organizing principles of society. The concept of the Great Chain of Being suggested that everyone had a divine
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge revisits the historical origins of hierarchy, noting that for most of human history, family connections and dynasties were the organizing principles of society. The concept of the Great Chain of Being suggested that everyone had a divinely ordained place, a notion reflected in the works of Shakespeare. This system placed biological entities, like kings, at the center of social...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
12m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782003870" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
12m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919060-adrian-wooldridge-examines-the-mid-20th-century-backlash-against-meritocracy-michael-young-who"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707480/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707480/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707480/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707480/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707480/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadac0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707480/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge examines the mid-20th-century backlash against meritocracy. Michael Young, who coined the term, warned that a &quot;perfect&quot; meritocracy would create an intolerable society where the successful feel superior and the unsuccessful have no socia
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge examines the mid-20th-century backlash against meritocracy. Michael Young, who coined the term, warned that a &quot;perfect&quot; meritocracy would create an intolerable society where the successful feel superior and the unsuccessful have no social excuse for their position. Left-wing critics like Lancelot Hogben argued that IQ tests merely measured privilege rather than innate nature. ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782003817" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919059-adrian-wooldridge-highlights-the-historical-blindness-toward-women-s-talent-among-19th-century-re"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707476/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707476/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707476/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707476/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707476/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707476/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge highlights the historical blindness toward women&#39;s talent among 19th-century reformers who excluded them from competitive examinations. However, the meritocratic logic of objective measurement eventually provided women with the tools to 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge highlights the historical blindness toward women&#39;s talent among 19th-century reformers who excluded them from competitive examinations. However, the meritocratic logic of objective measurement eventually provided women with the tools to challenge these exclusions. A pivotal moment occurred when Philippa Fawcettoutperformed the top male mathematicians at Cambridge. The World Wa...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
10m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782003691" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
10m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919058-adrian-wooldridge-discusses-how-the-19th-century-search-for-talent-was-shaped-by-utilitarianism-a"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707472/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707472/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707472/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707472/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707472/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #26260d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707472/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge discusses how the 19th-century search for talent was shaped by utilitarianism and liberal reforms. Reformers like John Stuart Mill remained suspicious of the masses, seeking to replace the landed aristocracy with an &quot;aristocracy of talen
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge discusses how the 19th-century search for talent was shaped by utilitarianism and liberal reforms. Reformers like John Stuart Mill remained suspicious of the masses, seeking to replace the landed aristocracy with an &quot;aristocracy of talent.&quot; This led to the development of psychometrics and standardized IQ testing, exemplified by the 11-plus examination in Britain, designed to a...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
11m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782003543" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
11m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919057-adrian-wooldridge-notes-that-while-pre-modern-governance-relied-on-patronage-and-nepotism-kings"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707468/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707468/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707468/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707468/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707468/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #402626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707468/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge notes that while pre-modern governance relied on patronage and nepotism, kings often appointed &quot;lowly-born men&quot; of extraordinary ability, like Thomas Cromwell, to ensure stability. Napoleon emerged as a transitional figure, embodying a &quot;
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge notes that while pre-modern governance relied on patronage and nepotism, kings often appointed &quot;lowly-born men&quot; of extraordinary ability, like Thomas Cromwell, to ensure stability. Napoleon emerged as a transitional figure, embodying a &quot;career open to talent&quot; while simultaneously reinventing monarchical personas. In the 18th century, French philosophers championed &quot;genius&quot; or ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
9m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782003443" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
9m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919056-adrian-wooldridge-explains-that-for-most-of-history-society-was-defined-by-a-hierarchical-presum"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707464/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707464/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707464/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707464/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707464/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707464/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1036: Adrian Wooldridge explains that for most of history, society was defined by a hierarchical presumption where individuals were born into &quot;proper stations.&quot; This Great Chain of Being posited that social and natural orders were divinely ordained; disrupting 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Adrian Wooldridge explains that for most of history, society was defined by a hierarchical presumption where individuals were born into &quot;proper stations.&quot; This Great Chain of Being posited that social and natural orders were divinely ordained; disrupting this hierarchy was believed to cause chaos and natural disasters. Royal dynasties served as the central organizing principle, yet they were in...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
12m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782003377" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
12m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919053-molly-beer-guest-molly-beer-covers-angelica-s-return-to-america-for-washington-s-inauguration-w"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707452/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707452/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707452/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707452/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707452/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707452/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1035: Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer covers Angelica&#39;s return to America for Washington&#39;s inauguration, where she found political reality more complicated than her romanticized memories. After returning permanently in 1797, she faced immense personal loss, includ
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer covers Angelica&#39;s return to America for Washington&#39;s inauguration, where she found political reality more complicated than her romanticized memories. After returning permanently in 1797, she faced immense personal loss, including the deaths of her family and Alexander Hamilton. Beer describes how Angelica &quot;expeditioned&quot; 450 miles into the wilderness to help her son ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
8m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782002467" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
8m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919052-molly-beer-guest-molly-beer-follows-the-family-to-europe-where-john-carter-reclaims-his-identit"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707448/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707448/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707448/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707448/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707448/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707448/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1035: Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer follows the family to Europe, where John Carter reclaims his identity as John Barker Church. Settling in London&#39;s Mayfair, Angelica navigated high society while remaining a fierce American patriot. Beer highlights Angelica&#39;s r
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer follows the family to Europe, where John Carter reclaims his identity as John Barker Church. Settling in London&#39;s Mayfair, Angelica navigated high society while remaining a fierce American patriot. Beer highlights Angelica&#39;s role as a social bridge, hosting luminaries like Lafayette and the Adams family. She became part of the &quot;blue stocking&quot; movement, a circle of h...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
12m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782002383" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
12m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919051-molly-beer-guest-molly-beer-explores-angelica-s-resilience-during-the-revolutionary-war-noting"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1035: Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer explores Angelica&#39;s resilience during the Revolutionary War, noting she rejoined the army at Yorktown weeks after childbirth. Beer details Alexander Hamilton&#39;s marriage to her sister Elizabeth, explaining how Angelica helped t
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer explores Angelica&#39;s resilience during the Revolutionary War, noting she rejoined the army at Yorktown weeks after childbirth. Beer details Alexander Hamilton&#39;s marriage to her sister Elizabeth, explaining how Angelica helped the status-seeking Hamilton integrate into their powerful family. Beer shares her personal connection to Angelica, New York, a town founded by ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782002328" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8919050-molly-beer-guest-molly-beer-introduces-angelica-schuyler-born-in-1755-to-a-powerful-dutch-famil"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43707438/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep1035: Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer introduces Angelica Schuyler, born in 1755 to a powerful Dutch family in Albany. Beer discusses &quot;The Pastures,&quot; the Schuyler mansion designed and managed by Angelica&#39;s mother, Catherine. Unlike most 18th-century women, Angelic
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Molly Beer. Guest Molly Beer introduces Angelica Schuyler, born in 1755 to a powerful Dutch family in Albany. Beer discusses &quot;The Pastures,&quot; the Schuyler mansion designed and managed by Angelica&#39;s mother, Catherine. Unlike most 18th-century women, Angelica received a formal education, a Dutch practice valuing women&#39;s business capabilities. Beer notes Angelica&#39;s transition from her Dutch identit...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
11m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1782002275" data-format="short_date">Jun 21</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
11m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>

</template></turbo-stream>
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<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="card rounded-0 border-0 border-bottom">
<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="card rounded-0 border-0 border-bottom">
<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="card rounded-0 border-0 border-bottom">
<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="card rounded-0 border-0 border-bottom">
<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visually-hidden">
<a href="/channels/4002274?list=1&amp;page=14">next page</a>
</div>
</turbo-frame></template></turbo-stream>
