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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825458-pearl-harbor-and-lindbergh-s-blocked-military-service-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-recount"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298715/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298715/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298715/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298715/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298715/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298715/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270:  PEARL HARBOR AND LINDBERGH&#39;S BLOCKED MILITARY SERVICE Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands recounts the immediate aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Japanese strike and Hitler&#39;s subsequent declaration of war united the European and Asian theaters, r
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PEARL HARBOR AND LINDBERGH&#39;S BLOCKED MILITARY SERVICE Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brandsrecounts the immediate aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Japanese strike and Hitler&#39;s subsequent declaration of war united the European and Asian theaters, resolving FDR&#39;s political dilemmas. Lindbergh attempted to volunteer for the Army Air Corps but was blocked by the Roosevelt administration due t...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825457-the-greer-incident-and-the-disastrous-des-moines-speech-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-detail"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298706/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298706/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298706/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298706/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298706/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #f3dac0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298706/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: THE GREER INCIDENT AND THE DISASTROUS DES MOINES SPEECH Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands details the escalation of tensions in 1941, starting with FDR&#39;s declaration of an &quot;unlimited national emergency.&quot; The segment covers the Greer incident, which FDR m
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THE GREER INCIDENT AND THE DISASTROUS DES MOINES SPEECH Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands details the escalation of tensions in 1941, starting with FDR&#39;s declaration of an &quot;unlimited national emergency.&quot; The segment covers the Greer incident, which FDR misrepresented to provoke hostility, and culminates in Lindbergh&#39;sdisastrous Des Moines speech. By identifying the British, the Roosevelt admin...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767320022" data-format="short_date">Jan 02</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825455-congressional-testimony-and-the-air-power-debate-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-describes-lin"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298690/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298690/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298690/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298690/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298690/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298690/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY AND THE AIR POWER DEBATE Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands describes Lindbergh&#39;s testimony before Congress and his popularity at massive rallies. A key debate emerges regarding air power: Roosevelt argues it makes America vulnerab
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CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY AND THE AIR POWER DEBATE Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brandsdescribes Lindbergh&#39;s testimony before Congress and his popularity at massive rallies. A key debate emerges regarding air power: Roosevelt argues it makes America vulnerable to attack, whereas Lindbergh insists it enhances hemispheric defense, making invasion impossible. Brands notes that while Lindbergh was poli...
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7m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767319996" data-format="short_date">Jan 02</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825454-lend-lease-and-british-propaganda-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-explains-the-passage-of-the"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298681/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298681/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298681/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298681/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298681/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298681/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: LEND-LEASE AND BRITISH PROPAGANDA Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands explains the passage of the Lend-Lease Act (HR 1776), which effectively ended American neutrality by committing industrial resources to Britain. The segment reveals the covert British pr
</h5>
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LEND-LEASE AND BRITISH PROPAGANDA Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands explains the passage of the Lend-Lease Act (HR 1776), which effectively ended American neutrality by committing industrial resources to Britain. The segment reveals the covert British propaganda campaign led by William Stephenson to manipulate US opinion. Brands also describes how FDR utilized a likely forged map of a German-p...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825453-fdr-s-third-term-and-the-rise-of-america-first-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-discusses-the-p"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298673/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298673/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298673/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298673/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298673/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #737373; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298673/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: FDR&#39;S THIRD TERM AND THE RISE OF AMERICA FIRST Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands discusses the political landscape of 1940, where FDR maneuvers for an unprecedented third term, which Lindbergh views as a move toward dictatorship. The segment covers the E
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FDR&#39;S THIRD TERM AND THE RISE OF AMERICA FIRST Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands discusses the political landscape of 1940, where FDR maneuvers for an unprecedented third term, which Lindbergh views as a move toward dictatorship. The segment covers the rise of the America First Committee, with Lindbergh as its star speaker. Brands highlights Roosevelt&#39;s mastery of the press, using backgrounder...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825452-the-erosion-of-neutrality-after-poland-and-france-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-outlines-the"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298671/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298671/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298671/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298671/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298671/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298671/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: THE EROSION OF NEUTRALITY AFTER POLAND AND FRANCE Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands outlines the erosion of neutrality following the fall of Poland and France. Roosevelt maneuvers to adjust neutrality laws and aids Britain via the destroyers-for-bases de
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<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
THE EROSION OF NEUTRALITY AFTER POLAND AND FRANCE Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brandsoutlines the erosion of neutrality following the fall of Poland and France. Roosevelt maneuvers to adjust neutrality laws and aids Britain via the destroyers-for-bases deal, despite isolationist skepticism. Lindbergh and his allies fear these steps are a trap leading to inevitable war. Meanwhile, Churchill&#39;s cor...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825451-lindbergh-s-transition-to-public-anti-interventionist-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-details"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298661/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298661/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298661/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298661/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298661/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298661/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: LINDBERGH&#39;S TRANSITION TO PUBLIC ANTI-INTERVENTIONIST Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands details Lindbergh&#39;s transition into a public anti-interventionist figure. Motivated by his father&#39;s persecution during WWI and a desire to avoid another European quag
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LINDBERGH&#39;S TRANSITION TO PUBLIC ANTI-INTERVENTIONIST Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brandsdetails Lindbergh&#39;s transition into a public anti-interventionist figure. Motivated by his father&#39;s persecution during WWIand a desire to avoid another European quagmire, Lindbergh utilizes his celebrity to broadcast isolationist views on the radio. Brands notes that while British officials dismissed Lindber...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767319837" data-format="short_date">Jan 02</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825449-lindbergh-s-1939-return-and-fdr-s-failed-recruitment-colleague-h-w-brands-h-w-brands-discusses"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298659/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298659/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298659/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298659/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298659/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5a5a5a; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298659/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: LINDBERGH&#39;S 1939 RETURN AND FDR&#39;S FAILED RECRUITMENT Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brands discusses Charles Lindbergh&#39;s 1939 return to America amidst rising European tensions. Lindbergh, world-famous for his 1927 transatlantic flight and the tragic kidnappi
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LINDBERGH&#39;S 1939 RETURN AND FDR&#39;S FAILED RECRUITMENT Colleague H.W. Brands. H.W. Brandsdiscusses Charles Lindbergh&#39;s 1939 return to America amidst rising European tensions. Lindbergh, world-famous for his 1927 transatlantic flight and the tragic kidnapping of his son, is greeted by paparazzi and invited to meet FDR. Brands explains that while Roosevelt found Lindbergh charming, the President un...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767319813" data-format="short_date">Jan 02</span></span>
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11m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825427-preview-for-later-tonight-the-slow-rehabilitation-of-xi-zhongxun-colleague-joseph-torigian-torig"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298486/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298486/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298486/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298486/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298486/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298486/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep276: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT THE SLOW REHABILITATION OF XI ZHONGXUN Colleague Joseph Torigian. Torigian details the slow rehabilitation of Xi Zhongxun, noting it took years after his release to fully return to work. He explains this delay occurred because Xi
</h5>
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PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT THE SLOW REHABILITATION OF XI ZHONGXUN Colleague Joseph Torigian. Torigian details the slow rehabilitation of Xi Zhongxun, noting it took years after his release to fully return to work. He explains this delay occurred because Xi was persecuted by Mao personally. The Party moved cautiously to avoid signaling a sudden directional shift that might suggest the political s...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767310134" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825426-preview-for-later-tonight-mao-s-sinicization-of-marxism-and-the-great-leap-forward-colleague-jose"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298479/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298479/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298479/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298479/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298479/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298479/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep276: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT MAO&#39;S SINICIZATION OF MARXISM AND THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD Colleague Joseph Torigian. Torigian discusses how Mao &quot;sinicized&quot; Marxism, rejecting Soviet dogmatism to interpret ideology flexibly. While Xi Zhongxun respected Mao&#39;s prac
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PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT MAO&#39;S SINICIZATION OF MARXISM AND THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD Colleague Joseph Torigian. Torigian discusses how Mao &quot;sinicized&quot; Marxism, rejecting Sovietdogmatism to interpret ideology flexibly. While Xi Zhongxun respected Mao&#39;s practical application of Leninism to China, Torigian notes that abandoning the Soviet model—viewed as &quot;revisionist&quot;—ultimately resulted in the Grea...
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2m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767310077" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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2m
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<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825424-preview-for-later-tonight-party-persecution-and-the-mindset-of-purged-officials-colleague-joseph"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298467/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298467/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298467/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298467/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298467/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #404040; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298467/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep276: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT PARTY PERSECUTION AND THE MINDSET OF PURGED OFFICIALS Colleague Joseph Torigian. Joseph Torigian explains the mindset of purged officials like Xi Zhongxun, comparing them to characters in Darkness at Noon. He notes that loyal rev
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT PARTY PERSECUTION AND THE MINDSET OF PURGED OFFICIALSColleague Joseph Torigian. Joseph Torigian explains the mindset of purged officials like Xi Zhongxun, comparing them to characters in Darkness at Noon. He notes that loyal revolutionaries believed the Party represented a &quot;world historical force.&quot; Consequently, enduring persecution without losing faith was viewed as a...
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3m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767309931" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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3m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825381-preview-for-later-tonight-lindbergh-s-dismay-at-british-complacency-and-german-power-colleague-h"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298294/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298294/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298294/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298294/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298294/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #8d8d8d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298294/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep275: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: LINDBERGH&#39;S DISMAY AT BRITISH COMPLACENCY AND GERMAN POWER Colleague H.W. Brands. Professor Brands details Charles Lindbergh&#39;s complex worldview, combining a stubborn admiration for German efficiency with confusion regarding Naz
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: LINDBERGH&#39;S DISMAY AT BRITISH COMPLACENCY AND GERMAN POWER Colleague H.W. Brands. Professor Brands details Charles Lindbergh&#39;s complex worldview, combining a stubborn admiration for German efficiency with confusion regarding Nazi politics. Lindbergh viewed Britain as a declining empire that would inevitably drag the United States into another war to bail them out of t...
</div>
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2m
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<span class="d-sm-none">
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767300066" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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2m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825377-preview-for-later-tonight-fdr-s-national-emergency-and-the-shift-to-a-wartime-footing-colleague"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298276/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298276/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298276/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298276/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298276/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298276/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep275: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: FDR&#39;S NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND THE SHIFT TO A WARTIME FOOTING Colleague H.W. Brands. The segment examines Franklin Roosevelt&#39;s May 1941 declaration of a national emergency, which halted daily activities like baseball and movies as
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: FDR&#39;S NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND THE SHIFT TO A WARTIME FOOTING Colleague H.W. Brands. The segment examines Franklin Roosevelt&#39;s May 1941 declaration of a national emergency, which halted daily activities like baseball and movies as Americans listened via loudspeakers. Professor Brands explains how FDR used this moment to prepare the American mind for a &quot;moral war&quot; alongs...
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3m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767299693" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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3m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825375-preview-for-later-tonight-a-private-hero-goes-public-to-oppose-intervention-colleague-h-w-bran"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43298270/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298270/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298270/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298270/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43298270/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43298270/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep275:  PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: A PRIVATE HERO GOES PUBLIC TO OPPOSE INTERVENTION Colleague H.W. Brands. The discussion focuses on Charles Lindbergh&#39;s decision to leverage his fame for radio airtime upon returning to the United States in 1939. Despite his dee
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: A PRIVATE HERO GOES PUBLIC TO OPPOSE INTERVENTION Colleague H.W. Brands. The discussion focuses on Charles Lindbergh&#39;s decision to leverage his fame for radio airtime upon returning to the United States in 1939. Despite his deep distrust of politics, Lindbergh felt compelled to speak out to prevent America from repeating the mistakes of World War I.
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
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3m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767299548" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825246-the-legacy-of-the-amateur-spies-colleague-charles-spicer-graham-christie-and-philip-conwell-eva"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297467/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297467/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297467/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297467/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297467/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297467/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep274:  THE LEGACY OF THE AMATEUR SPIES Colleague Charles Spicer. Graham Christie and Philip Conwell-Evans compiled a rare book titled None So Blind, printing only 100 copies to document their warnings to the British government about the Nazi threat. Their effor
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
THE LEGACY OF THE AMATEUR SPIES Colleague Charles Spicer. Graham Christie and Philip Conwell-Evanscompiled a rare book titled None So Blind, printing only 100 copies to document their warnings to the Britishgovernment about the Nazi threat. Their efforts went largely unrecognized until historian Martin Gilbert began to correct the record, moving beyond the simplistic &quot;Guilty Men&quot; narrative to a...
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8m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767243888" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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8m
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</a></div>
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<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825245-nuremberg-and-the-post-war-silence-colleague-charles-spicer-at-the-nuremberg-trials-ribbentrop"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297450/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297450/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297450/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297450/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297450/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297450/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep274: NUREMBERG AND THE POST-WAR SILENCE Colleague Charles Spicer. At the Nuremberg trials, Ribbentrop appeared a broken man, attempting to call amateur spies like Conwell-Evans as witnesses to prove his pre-war desire for peace, a defense that ultimately faile
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
NUREMBERG AND THE POST-WAR SILENCE Colleague Charles Spicer. At the Nuremberg trials, Ribbentropappeared a broken man, attempting to call amateur spies like Conwell-Evans as witnesses to prove his pre-war desire for peace, a defense that ultimately failed to excuse his war crimes. His widow, Anneliese, later wrote memoirs obsessing over social slights in London, displaying a detachment from the...
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12m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767243786" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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12m
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</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825244-the-fall-of-france-and-the-flight-of-hess-colleague-charles-spicer-as-the-german-army-overran-fr"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297439/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297439/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297439/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297439/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297439/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297439/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep274: THE FALL OF FRANCE AND THE FLIGHT OF HESS Colleague Charles Spicer. As the German army overran France and the Low Countries in May 1940, Winston Churchill became Prime Minister and began utilizing the intelligence Christie had provided through Vansittart.
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
THE FALL OF FRANCE AND THE FLIGHT OF HESS Colleague Charles Spicer. As the German army overran France and the Low Countries in May 1940, Winston Churchill became Prime Minister and began utilizing the intelligence Christie had provided through Vansittart. The summer of 1940 also saw the publication of Guilty Men, a polemic that unfairly blamed appeasers for the war, simplifying a complex histor...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
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8m
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<span class="d-sm-none">
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767243710" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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8m
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</a></div>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825243-the-phony-war-and-continued-conspiracies-colleague-charles-spicer-following-the-outbreak-of-war"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297428/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297428/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297428/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297428/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297428/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #0d0d0d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297428/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep274: THE PHONY WAR AND CONTINUED CONSPIRACIES Colleague Charles Spicer. Following the outbreak of war in September 1939, the amateur spies remained active during the &quot;Phony War,&quot; engaging with renewed efforts by the German opposition to replace the government.
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
THE PHONY WAR AND CONTINUED CONSPIRACIES Colleague Charles Spicer. Following the outbreak of war in September 1939, the amateur spies remained active during the &quot;Phony War,&quot; engaging with renewed efforts by the German opposition to replace the government. While the Oster Conspiracy remained a theoretical possibility, an independent assassination attempt by Georg Elser failed to kill Hitler, unr...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
10m
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<span class="d-sm-none">
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767243572" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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10m
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</a></div>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825242-the-tennant-mission-and-the-summer-of-1939-colleague-charles-spicer-in-the-summer-of-1939-ernes"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297423/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297423/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297423/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297423/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297423/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac08d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297423/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep274: THE TENNANT MISSION AND THE SUMMER OF 1939 Colleague Charles Spicer. In the summer of 1939, Ernest Tennant undertook a secret mission to Austria to meet his former friend Ribbentrop, acting with the plausible deniability of 10 Downing Street. At a confisc
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
THE TENNANT MISSION AND THE SUMMER OF 1939 Colleague Charles Spicer. In the summer of 1939, Ernest Tennant undertook a secret mission to Austria to meet his former friend Ribbentrop, acting with the plausible deniability of 10 Downing Street. At a confiscated castle, Tennant learned that Hitler was mirroring Ribbentrop&#39;saggressive stance, planning a long war and targeting Poland. This intellige...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
9m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767243483" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
</div>
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<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
9m
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</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825241-diplomatic-failures-and-soviet-infiltration-in-1939-colleague-charles-spicer-by-early-1939-brit"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297416/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297416/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297416/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297416/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297416/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac08d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297416/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: DIPLOMATIC FAILURES AND SOVIET INFILTRATION IN 1939 Colleague Charles Spicer. By early 1939, British efforts to maintain peace were hampered by disastrous appointments, specifically the pro-appeasement ambassador Neville Henderson in Berlin and the increa
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DIPLOMATIC FAILURES AND SOVIET INFILTRATION IN 1939 Colleague Charles Spicer. By early 1939, British efforts to maintain peace were hampered by disastrous appointments, specifically the pro-appeasement ambassador Neville Henderson in Berlin and the increasingly irrational and Anglophobic Ribbentrop in London. Intelligence provided by Philip Conwell-Evans and Graham Christie reached Foreign Secr...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825240-the-oster-conspiracy-and-the-crisis-of-1938-colleague-charles-spicer-during-the-crisis-year-of-1"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297409/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297409/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297409/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297409/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297409/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297409/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: THE OSTER CONSPIRACY AND THE CRISIS OF 1938 Colleague Charles Spicer. During the crisis year of 1938, the protagonists provided robust intelligence regarding the &quot;Oster Conspiracy,&quot; a credible plan by German military and police officials to remove Hitler 
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THE OSTER CONSPIRACY AND THE CRISIS OF 1938 Colleague Charles Spicer. During the crisis year of 1938, the protagonists provided robust intelligence regarding the &quot;Oster Conspiracy,&quot; a credible plan by German military and police officials to remove Hitler from power if he invaded Czechoslovakia. However, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain undermined this potential coup by pursuing &quot;Plan Z,&quot; his ...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825238-the-map-of-war-and-the-kordt-connection-colleague-charles-spicer-in-early-1938-as-sir-robert-va"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297399/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297399/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297399/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297399/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297399/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297399/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: THE MAP OF WAR AND THE KORDT CONNECTION Colleague Charles Spicer. In early 1938, as Sir Robert Vansittart was sidelined for the appeaser Horace Wilson, the amateur spies continued to provide highly accurate intelligence regarding Hitler&#39;s expansionist pla
</h5>
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THE MAP OF WAR AND THE KORDT CONNECTION Colleague Charles Spicer. In early 1938, as Sir Robert Vansittart was sidelined for the appeaser Horace Wilson, the amateur spies continued to provide highly accurate intelligence regarding Hitler&#39;s expansionist plans. Graham Christie obtained specific military details from his &quot;friend&quot; Hermann Göring, while Philip Conwell-Evans relied on the Kordt brothe...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825237-halifax-hitler-and-the-soviet-fear-colleague-charles-spicer-by-late-1937-the-anglo-german-fel"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297394/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297394/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297394/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297394/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297394/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297394/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: HALIFAX, HITLER, AND THE SOVIET FEAR Colleague Charles Spicer. By late 1937, the Anglo-German Fellowship was under surveillance by both MI5 and the NKVD, as Stalin feared the organization might successfully broker an alliance between Britain and Germany a
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HALIFAX, HITLER, AND THE SOVIET FEAR Colleague Charles Spicer. By late 1937, the Anglo-German Fellowship was under surveillance by both MI5 and the NKVD, as Stalin feared the organization might successfully broker an alliance between Britain and Germany against the Soviet Union. In November, Foreign Minister Lord Halifax visited the Berghof, where the cultural disconnect was so profound that he...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825235-the-coronation-and-intelligence-networks-colleague-charles-spicer-the-coronation-of-george-vi-in"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297386/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297386/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297386/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297386/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297386/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297386/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: THE CORONATION AND INTELLIGENCE NETWORKS Colleague Charles Spicer. The coronation of George VI in May 1937 became a backdrop for diplomatic maneuvering, culminating in a disastrously overcrowded party at the German embassy organized by the social-climbing
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THE CORONATION AND INTELLIGENCE NETWORKS Colleague Charles Spicer. The coronation of George VI in May 1937 became a backdrop for diplomatic maneuvering, culminating in a disastrously overcrowded party at the German embassy organized by the social-climbing Anneliese Ribbentrop. While Nazi sympathizers and high society mingled, the Anglo-German Fellowship was infiltrated by Kim Philby, who was hi...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825234-ribbentrop-s-arrival-and-social-disasters-colleague-charles-spicer-joachim-von-ribbentrop-arrive"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297381/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297381/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297381/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297381/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297381/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297381/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: RIBBENTROP&#39;S ARRIVAL AND SOCIAL DISASTERS Colleague Charles Spicer. Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived at Victoria Station as the new German ambassador with a cynical mission from Hitler to forge an alliance that would neutralize Britain while Germany conquer
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RIBBENTROP&#39;S ARRIVAL AND SOCIAL DISASTERS Colleague Charles Spicer. Joachim von Ribbentroparrived at Victoria Station as the new German ambassador with a cynical mission from Hitler to forge an alliance that would neutralize Britain while Germany conquered the continent. His tenure was immediately marred by clumsiness and a lack of humor; he gave ill-advised press remarks and famously delivered...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825233-lloyd-george-at-the-berghof-colleague-charles-spicer-in-september-1936-lloyd-george-traveled-to"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297376/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297376/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297376/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297376/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297376/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297376/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: LLOYD GEORGE AT THE BERGHOF Colleague Charles Spicer. In September 1936, Lloyd George traveled to Hitler&#39;s Alpine retreat, the Berghof, where he successfully charmed the dictator, who was delighted by the visit and the validation it offered. The meeting w
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LLOYD GEORGE AT THE BERGHOF Colleague Charles Spicer. In September 1936, Lloyd George traveled to Hitler&#39;s Alpine retreat, the Berghof, where he successfully charmed the dictator, who was delighted by the visit and the validation it offered. The meeting was marked by mutual goodwill, with Lloyd George finding Hitler unpretentious and well-educated, a view he later publicized in the British pres...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825232-the-1936-olympics-and-diplomatic-games-colleague-charles-spicer-during-the-1936-berlin-olympics"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297371/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297371/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297371/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297371/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297371/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297371/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: THE 1936 OLYMPICS AND DIPLOMATIC GAMES Colleague Charles Spicer. During the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the Nazi regime launched a charm offensive, wining and dining officials like Vansittart, who returned to London alarmed yet somewhat placated by Hitler&#39;s app
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THE 1936 OLYMPICS AND DIPLOMATIC GAMES Colleague Charles Spicer. During the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the Nazi regime launched a charm offensive, wining and dining officials like Vansittart, who returned to Londonalarmed yet somewhat placated by Hitler&#39;s apparent desire for peace. Ribbentrop, desperate for promotion, hosted lavish events but was viewed by British diplomats as an intellectual lightw...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825231-graham-christie-and-the-rise-of-militarism-colleague-charles-spicer-graham-christie-is-introduce"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297366/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297366/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297366/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297366/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297366/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297366/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: GRAHAM CHRISTIE AND THE RISE OF MILITARISM Colleague Charles Spicer. Graham Christie is introduced as a brilliant WWI air ace and engineer who, after suffering from war trauma, dedicated himself to understanding Germany and feeding intelligence to Sir Rob
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<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
GRAHAM CHRISTIE AND THE RISE OF MILITARISM Colleague Charles Spicer. Graham Christie is introduced as a brilliant WWI air ace and engineer who, after suffering from war trauma, dedicated himself to understanding Germany and feeding intelligence to Sir Robert Vansittart, the head of the British Foreign Office. By 1935, the British protagonists were appalled by the Nuremberg Laws but chose to lob...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825230-commerce-and-the-origins-of-the-fellowship-colleague-charles-spicer-the-anglo-german-fellowship"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep274: COMMERCE AND THE ORIGINS OF THE FELLOWSHIP Colleague Charles Spicer. The Anglo-German Fellowship was headquartered at the Metropole Hotel in London in 1935, immediately attracting major business interests, including Unilever, which had vast assets in Germ
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<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
COMMERCE AND THE ORIGINS OF THE FELLOWSHIP Colleague Charles Spicer. The Anglo-German Fellowship was headquartered at the Metropole Hotel in London in 1935, immediately attracting major business interests, including Unilever, which had vast assets in Germany and sought to avoid war to protect its commercial empire. While business leaders were initially anxious about the brutality of the Nazi re...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825229-the-amateur-spies-and-the-1934-dinner-colleague-charles-spicer-in-december-1934-ernest-tennant"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297356/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297356/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297356/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297356/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297356/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dac0a6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297356/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep274: THE AMATEUR SPIES AND THE 1934 DINNER Colleague Charles Spicer. In December 1934, Ernest Tennant, a British banker deeply scarred by the loss of friends and family in the First World War, attended a pivotal dinner in Berlin with Adolf Hitler and Joachim v
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THE AMATEUR SPIES AND THE 1934 DINNER Colleague Charles Spicer. In December 1934, Ernest Tennant, a British banker deeply scarred by the loss of friends and family in the First World War, attended a pivotal dinner in Berlin with Adolf Hitler and Joachim von Ribbentrop. Tennant, along with fellow protagonist Philip Conwell-Evans, sought to prevent another continental war by fostering closer ties...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825225-the-1975-collapse-and-the-war-s-strategic-failure-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-following-the-1973-p"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297340/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297340/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297340/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297340/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297340/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #737373; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297340/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep273:  THE 1975 COLLAPSE AND THE WAR&#39;S STRATEGIC FAILURE Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. Following the 1973 peace deal and US withdrawal, Congressional aid to South Vietnam plummeted, leaving the ARVN deprived of essential logistics and air support. When the NVA laun
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THE 1975 COLLAPSE AND THE WAR&#39;S STRATEGIC FAILURE Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. Following the 1973 peace deal and US withdrawal, Congressional aid to South Vietnam plummeted, leaving the ARVN deprived of essential logistics and air support. When the NVA launched their final offensive in 1975, the US did not intervene, leading to a chaotic collapse of the South Vietnamese military and the fall of Sa...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825224-lam-son-719-and-the-failure-of-vietnamization-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-the-1971-invasion-of-laos"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: LAM SON 719 AND THE FAILURE OF VIETNAMIZATION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. The 1971 invasion of Laos (Lam Son 719) exposed the failure of Vietnamization, as South Vietnamese troops were routed without US ground support, proving they lacked the leadership and
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LAM SON 719 AND THE FAILURE OF VIETNAMIZATION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. The 1971 invasion of Laos (Lam Son 719) exposed the failure of Vietnamization, as South Vietnamese troops were routed without USground support, proving they lacked the leadership and logistics to fight alone. By 1972, only massive American air power, reinstated by Nixon during the Easter Offensive, saved South Vietnam from ...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825223-the-cambodian-incursion-and-domestic-unrest-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-in-1970-nixon-authorized-a"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: THE CAMBODIAN INCURSION AND DOMESTIC UNREST Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. In 1970, Nixon authorized an incursion into Cambodia to destroy NVA sanctuaries and supply lines, but the operation failed strategically as the enemy simply retreated deeper into the co
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THE CAMBODIAN INCURSION AND DOMESTIC UNREST Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. In 1970, Nixonauthorized an incursion into Cambodia to destroy NVA sanctuaries and supply lines, but the operation failed strategically as the enemy simply retreated deeper into the country and returned later. While the invasion widened the war and ignited massive domestic unrest, including the fatal shootings at Kent State, ...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825222-nixon-s-sabotage-and-hamburger-hill-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-richard-nixon-won-the-1968-election"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: NIXON&#39;S SABOTAGE AND HAMBURGER HILL Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. Richard Nixon won the 1968 election by using Henry Kissinger to secretly sabotage LBJ&#39;s peace talks, eventually accepting the same terms in 1973 after four more years of bloodshed. Once in powe
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NIXON&#39;S SABOTAGE AND HAMBURGER HILL Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. Richard Nixon won the 1968 election by using Henry Kissinger to secretly sabotage LBJ&#39;s peace talks, eventually accepting the same terms in 1973 after four more years of bloodshed. Once in power, Nixon&#39;s continuation of &quot;search and destroy&quot; tactics led to the Battle of Hamburger Hill in 1969, where troops captured a meaningless objec...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825219-the-tet-offensive-and-the-siege-of-khe-sanh-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-in-1968-north-vietnam-laun"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: THE TET OFFENSIVE AND THE SIEGE OF KHE SANH Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. In 1968, North Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive to deliver a knockout blow; while a military disaster for the communists, the televised breach of the US Embassy shattered American cla
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THE TET OFFENSIVE AND THE SIEGE OF KHE SANH Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. In 1968, North Vietnamlaunched the Tet Offensive to deliver a knockout blow; while a military disaster for the communists, the televised breach of the US Embassy shattered American claims of progress and turned public opinion. Simultaneously, the siege of Khe Sanh symbolized the war&#39;s futility, as US forces fought fiercely to...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825218-search-and-destroy-and-the-failure-of-attrition-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-general-westmoreland-im"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: SEARCH AND DESTROY AND THE FAILURE OF ATTRITION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. General Westmoreland implemented a strategy of attrition aimed at reaching a &quot;crossover point&quot; where enemies were killed faster than they could be replaced, requiring the constructi
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SEARCH AND DESTROY AND THE FAILURE OF ATTRITION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. General Westmoreland implemented a strategy of attrition aimed at reaching a &quot;crossover point&quot; where enemies were killed faster than they could be replaced, requiring the construction of massive infrastructure and thousands of firebases. However, this &quot;search and destroy&quot; tactic largely failed because the enemy avoided co...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825217-the-battle-of-ia-drang-and-nva-adaptation-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-in-1965-the-us-introduced-co"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: THE BATTLE OF IA DRANG AND NVA ADAPTATION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. In 1965, the US introduced combat troops and air mobility tactics, showcased at the Battle of Ia Drang, where General Westmoreland used infantry as &quot;tethered goats&quot; to draw the enemy out 
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THE BATTLE OF IA DRANG AND NVA ADAPTATION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. In 1965, the US introduced combat troops and air mobility tactics, showcased at the Battle of Ia Drang, where General Westmoreland used infantry as &quot;tethered goats&quot; to draw the enemy out for destruction by artillery. However, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) quickly adapted by &quot;hugging&quot; American lines to neutralize superior US f...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825216-vietnam-as-a-political-war-and-the-gulf-of-tonkin-deception-colleague-geoffrey-wawro-geoffrey-wa"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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S8 Ep273: VIETNAM AS A POLITICAL WAR AND THE GULF OF TONKIN DECEPTION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. Geoffrey Wawro explains that the Vietnam War was a political war of choice, where the Johnson administration manipulated the Gulf of Tonkin incident to secure a &quot;blank c
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VIETNAM AS A POLITICAL WAR AND THE GULF OF TONKIN DECEPTION Colleague Geoffrey Wawro. Geoffrey Wawro explains that the Vietnam War was a political war of choice, where the Johnson administration manipulated the Gulf of Tonkin incident to secure a &quot;blank check&quot; from Congress. The administration presented a US-provoked skirmish and a fictitious second attack as unprovoked aggression, using the de...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825215-mcnamara-s-redemption-at-the-world-bank-colleague-william-taubman-after-leaving-the-defense-depa"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297302/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297302/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297302/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297302/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297302/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297302/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA&#39;S REDEMPTION AT THE WORLD BANK Colleague William Taubman. After leaving the Defense Department, McNamara sought redemption as President of the World Bank, shifting its focus to aiding the &quot;poorest of the poor&quot; and combating diseases like river bl
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MCNAMARA&#39;S REDEMPTION AT THE WORLD BANK Colleague William Taubman. After leaving the Defense Department, McNamara sought redemption as President of the World Bank, shifting its focus to aiding the &quot;poorest of the poor&quot; and combating diseases like river blindness. He viewed this humanitarian work as an attempt to explain the lives lost in Vietnam, later admitting that the bombing campaigns he ov...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825214-mcnamara-s-private-turn-against-the-war-colleague-william-taubman-by-1966-mcnamara-had-privatel"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297297/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297297/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297297/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297297/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297297/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5a5a5a; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297297/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA&#39;S PRIVATE TURN AGAINST THE WAR Colleague William Taubman. By 1966, McNamara had privately turned against the war, confessing to aide John McNaughton his desperate desire to &quot;bring the boys home,&quot; yet he maintained public support for the conflict 
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MCNAMARA&#39;S PRIVATE TURN AGAINST THE WAR Colleague William Taubman. By 1966, McNamara had privately turned against the war, confessing to aide John McNaughton his desperate desire to &quot;bring the boys home,&quot; yet he maintained public support for the conflict out of loyalty to the presidency. He faced intense anti-war hostility, including a confrontation at Harvard where he was trapped by students, ...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825213-mcnamara-the-kennedys-and-jackie-s-plea-colleague-william-taubman-fearing-a-political-challeng"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297292/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297292/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297292/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297292/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297292/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297292/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA, THE KENNEDYS, AND JACKIE&#39;S PLEA Colleague William Taubman. Fearing a political challenge from Robert Kennedy in 1964, Johnson used McNamara to monitor the Kennedys&#39; intentions, specifically sending him to determine if Jackie Kennedy would public
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MCNAMARA, THE KENNEDYS, AND JACKIE&#39;S PLEA Colleague William Taubman. Fearing a political challenge from Robert Kennedy in 1964, Johnson used McNamara to monitor the Kennedys&#39; intentions, specifically sending him to determine if Jackie Kennedy would publicly support an RFK nomination. Despite acting as Johnson&#39;sagent, McNamara maintained a deep, emotionally complex relationship with Jackie, serv...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825211-mcnamara-and-johnson-s-dangerous-feedback-loop-colleague-william-taubman-following-jfk-s-assassi"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297284/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297284/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297284/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297284/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297284/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297284/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA AND JOHNSON&#39;S DANGEROUS FEEDBACK LOOP Colleague William Taubman. Following JFK&#39;s assassination, Lyndon Johnson retained McNamara, relying on his efficiency and self-confidence to counter his own insecurities and depressive episodes. A dangerous f
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
MCNAMARA AND JOHNSON&#39;S DANGEROUS FEEDBACK LOOP Colleague William Taubman. Following JFK&#39;s assassination, Lyndon Johnson retained McNamara, relying on his efficiency and self-confidence to counter his own insecurities and depressive episodes. A dangerous feedback loop developed where McNamara, eager to please his new boss, adopted Johnson&#39;s &quot;tone for action&quot; regarding Vietnam, providing brillian...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825209-mcnamara-joins-the-kennedy-cabinet-colleague-william-taubman-in-1960-robert-kennedy-and-sargent"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297276/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297276/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297276/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297276/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297276/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297276/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA JOINS THE KENNEDY CABINET Colleague William Taubman. In 1960, Robert Kennedy and Sargent Shriver recruited a reluctant McNamara for the Kennedy cabinet; despite McNamara&#39;s insistence that he was unqualified for the Treasury or Defense posts, he a
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
MCNAMARA JOINS THE KENNEDY CABINET Colleague William Taubman. In 1960, Robert Kennedy and Sargent Shriver recruited a reluctant McNamara for the Kennedy cabinet; despite McNamara&#39;s insistence that he was unqualified for the Treasury or Defense posts, he agreed to meet the President-elect. He accepted the position of Secretary of Defense on the condition that he could appoint his own staff based...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825208-the-whiz-kids-and-ford-motor-company-colleague-william-taubman-after-the-war-tex-thornton-recru"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297271/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297271/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297271/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297271/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297271/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297271/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
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S8 Ep272: THE WHIZ KIDS AND FORD MOTOR COMPANY Colleague William Taubman. After the war, Tex Thornton recruited McNamara as part of the &quot;Whiz Kids&quot; team to modernize Ford Motor Company using statistical control methods, a role in which McNamara excelled and eventua
</h5>
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THE WHIZ KIDS AND FORD MOTOR COMPANY Colleague William Taubman. After the war, Tex Thorntonrecruited McNamara as part of the &quot;Whiz Kids&quot; team to modernize Ford Motor Company using statistical control methods, a role in which McNamara excelled and eventually rose to the presidency. Unlike his peers who settled in the executive enclave of Grosse Pointe, McNamara chose to live in the academic comm...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825206-mcnamara-s-academic-brilliance-and-personal-drive-colleague-william-taubman-taubman-details-mcna"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297259/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297259/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297259/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297259/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297259/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #f3f3c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297259/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA&#39;S ACADEMIC BRILLIANCE AND PERSONAL DRIVE Colleague William Taubman. Taubman details McNamara&#39;s academic brilliance, noting his induction into Phi Beta Kappa at Berkeley and his status as the top student at Harvard Business School, where he sought
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
MCNAMARA&#39;S ACADEMIC BRILLIANCE AND PERSONAL DRIVE Colleague William Taubman. Taubmandetails McNamara&#39;s academic brilliance, noting his induction into Phi Beta Kappa at Berkeley and his status as the top student at Harvard Business School, where he sought to combine business with public service. His drive was shaped by a cold father and a mother who pushed him relentlessly to excel, while his wi...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767232643" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825204-mcnamara-s-role-in-the-firebombing-of-tokyo-colleague-william-taubman-william-taubman-discusses"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297251/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297251/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297251/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297251/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297251/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #262626; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297251/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep272: MCNAMARA&#39;S ROLE IN THE FIREBOMBING OF TOKYO Colleague William Taubman. William Taubman discusses Robert McNamara&#39;s service in the Pacific during World War II, specifically his role as a statistician under General Curtis LeMay in the Marianas. McNamara&#39;s a
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
MCNAMARA&#39;S ROLE IN THE FIREBOMBING OF TOKYO Colleague William Taubman. William Taubmandiscusses Robert McNamara&#39;s service in the Pacific during World War II, specifically his role as a statistician under General Curtis LeMay in the Marianas. McNamara&#39;s analysis revealed that B-29 bombers were missing targets because they flew too high, advising LeMay to order low-altitude firebombing raids on T...
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9m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767232452" data-format="short_date">Jan 01</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825187-preview-for-later-tonight-professor-william-taubman-discusses-his-new-book-mcnamara-at-war-rec"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297184/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297184/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297184/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297184/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297184/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #737373; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297184/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep271: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: Professor William Taubman discusses his new book, McNamara at War, recounting a vivid episode from 1967-68. McNamara traveled to Harvard Yard to address students but unexpectedly encountered a hostile anti-war mob, a surprising 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: Professor William Taubman discusses his new book, McNamara at War, recounting a vivid episode from 1967-68. McNamara traveled to Harvard Yard to address students but unexpectedly encountered a hostile anti-war mob, a surprising confrontation that the professor remembers vividly to this day.
1962. JFK AND BOB MCNAMARA VISIT LIVERMORE LAB.
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825186-preview-for-later-tonight-historian-geoffrey-wawro-details-how-north-vietnamese-troops-used-huma"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297179/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297179/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297179/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297179/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297179/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297179/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep271: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: Historian Geoffrey Wawro details how North Vietnamese troops used human wave attacks to &quot;cling&quot; to American perimeters. By holding Americans &quot;by the belt,&quot; they neutralized US artillery and air power, making it impossible for th
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: Historian Geoffrey Wawro details how North Vietnamese troops used human wave attacks to &quot;cling&quot; to American perimeters. By holding Americans &quot;by the belt,&quot; they neutralized US artillery and air power, making it impossible for the US to bomb the enemy without hitting their own troops.

1968 WIA RETURNS.
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825185-preview-for-later-tonight-geoffrey-wawro-argues-nixon-s-diplomacy-with-mao-focused-specifically"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297174/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297174/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297174/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297174/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297174/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c0c0c0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297174/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
S8 Ep271:  PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: Geoffrey Wawro argues Nixon&#39;s diplomacy with Mao focused specifically on achieving peace in Vietnam rather than just triangulating superpowers. Following North Vietnamese refusal to bow to these plans, Nixon authorized the deva
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT: Geoffrey Wawro argues Nixon&#39;s diplomacy with Mao focused specifically on achieving peace in Vietnam rather than just triangulating superpowers. Following North Vietnamese refusal to bow to these plans, Nixon authorized the devastating Linebacker II bombing campaign, aiming to destroy Hanoi.
1972 LINEBACKER ORDNANCE
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8825174-preview-for-later-tonight-the-failed-oster-conspiracy-of-1938-colleague-charles-spicer-charles-s"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/43297133/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297133/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297133/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297133/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/43297133/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dadada; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/43297133/1400x1400/c" />
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S8 Ep270: PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT THE FAILED OSTER CONSPIRACY OF 1938 Colleague Charles Spicer. Charles Spicer discusses the 1938 Oster Conspiracy, a plot by Hitler&#39;s opponents to utilize police and army units to arrest him. This coup depended on Hitler attacking
</h5>
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PREVIEW FOR LATER TONIGHT THE FAILED OSTER CONSPIRACY OF 1938 Colleague Charles Spicer. Charles Spicer discusses the 1938 Oster Conspiracy, a plot by Hitler&#39;s opponents to utilize police and army units to arrest him. This coup depended on Hitler attacking Czechoslovakia, but Neville Chamberlain&#39;s arrival and appeasement policy destroyed the conspirators&#39; necessary casus belli, ruining a vital c...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1767221933" data-format="short_date">Dec 31, 2025</span></span>
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<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="card rounded-0 border-0 border-bottom">
<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div aria-hidden="true" class="card rounded-0 border-0 border-bottom">
<div class="card-body df align-items-center placeholder-glow text-black-50">
<div class="w-100">
<h5>
<div class="placeholder col-6"></div>
</h5>
<div class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:15ch"></div>
</div>
<div class="mla">
<span class="placeholder placeholder-sm" style="width:4ch"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visually-hidden">
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</div>
</turbo-frame></template></turbo-stream>
