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<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8513595-the-history-of-democracy-with-erica-benner"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41730393/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41730393/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41730393/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41730393/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41730393/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a69b60; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41730393/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The history of democracy with Erica Benner
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Erica Benner (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/erica-benner/) applies ancient wisdom to modern problems in her new book Adventures in Democracy: The Turbulent World of People Power (https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/453228/adventures-in-democracy-by-benner-erica/9780241609750) . She shares her insights with EI&#39;s Deputy Editor, Alastair Benn (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/alastair-benn/) .
...
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<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
56m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1717081009" data-format="short_date">May 30, 2024</span></span>
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<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
56m
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</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8510478-lars-tragardh-on-the-origins-of-swedish-democracy"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41712320/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41712320/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41712320/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41712320/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41712320/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2c190c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41712320/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Lars Trägårdh on the origins of Swedish democracy
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
‘Democracy’ is in Sweden built on a basis fundamentally different from the one associated with the development of liberal democracy in the West. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Midsummer Dance by Swedish artist Anders Zorn (1860-1920) painted in 1897. A classic of Swedish art history showing traditional folk dancing in the Dalarna countryside in the extended summer evening light. Credit: Univers...
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<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
35m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1716530400" data-format="short_date">May 24, 2024</span></span>
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</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
35m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8510331-dominic-sandbrook-on-jesse-ventura-the-wrestling-governor-who-blazed-a-trail-for-trump"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41711551/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41711551/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41711551/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41711551/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41711551/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #671c1b; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41711551/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Dominic Sandbrook on Jesse Ventura, the wrestling governor who blazed a trail for Trump 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Dominic Sandbrook (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/dominic-sandbrook/) profiles Jesse Ventura (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/jesse-ventura-the-wrestling-governor-who-blazed-a-trail-for-trump/) , the former Navy SEAL and WWE champion who won Minnesota’s governorship in 1999 on an anti-elite ticket. His transition from showbiz to politics was a precursor of the age of Trump – but ’the ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
15m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1716460031" data-format="short_date">May 23, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
15m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8507176-josef-joffe-on-the-future-of-the-european-union"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41694361/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694361/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694361/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694361/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694361/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #192051; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41694361/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Josef Joffe on the future of the European Union
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
What is the future of the European Union? The EU is sui generis. It certainly cannot be a nation state. Nor is it destined to turn into a Staatsnation or willed nation. Then what? Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: European Union flags. Credit: Brian Lawrence / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
18m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1715938218" data-format="short_date">May 17, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
18m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8507164-the-age-of-upheaval"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41694264/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694264/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694264/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694264/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41694264/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b7804e; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41694264/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The age of upheaval
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
EI&#39;s Paul Lay (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/paul-lay/) and Alastair Benn (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/alastair-benn/) ask: do we really live in an age of upheaval?

Image: Turner&#39;s Vesuvius in Eruption. Credit: Artefact / Alamy Stock Photo
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<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
45m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1715935701" data-format="short_date">May 17, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
45m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8503293-simon-mayall-on-the-history-of-the-modern-middle-east"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41673092/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41673092/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41673092/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41673092/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41673092/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2c2d29; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41673092/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Simon Mayall on the history of the modern Middle East
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The current violence and turmoil in the Middle East is expressive of a conflict between rival ideas, between the modern nation state and an old, historical concept of an Islamic caliphate. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Abdel Nasser at a rally after the rupture of relations with Syria. Credit: colaimages / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
23m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1715333250" data-format="short_date">May 10, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
23m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8502649-james-hardie-on-heinrich-biber-composer-of-rapture-and-ravings"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41652571/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41652571/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41652571/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41652571/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41652571/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c6c6c6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41652571/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
James Hardie on Heinrich Biber, composer of rapture and ravings 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
James Hardie (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/james-hardie/) on the violinist-composer (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/heinrich-biber-composer-of-rapture-and-ravings/) who mixed the sacred and profane in his fantastical music, a lost genius of the 17th century. Read by Sebastian Brown.

Image: A print of Heinrich Biber. Credit: The Picture Art Collection / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
10m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1715252466" data-format="short_date">May 09, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
10m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8499303-lawrence-james-on-the-invention-of-jingoism"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41632576/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632576/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632576/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632576/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632576/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #685609; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41632576/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Lawrence James on the invention of jingoism
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Jingoism was a natural offshoot of late Victorian imperialism. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Poster for a British imperial railway company. Credit: Pictorial Press Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
34m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1714716000" data-format="short_date">May 03, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
34m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8499265-caravaggio-s-last-painting"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41632351/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632351/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632351/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632351/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41632351/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #040303; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41632351/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Caravaggio’s ‘last’ painting
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
A small but riveting exhibition at London&#39;s National Gallery tells the dramatic story of the troubled Renaissance master&#39;s &#39;last&#39; painting.

Image: The Martyrdom of St Ursula, 1610. Credit: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
37m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1714643120" data-format="short_date">May 02, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
37m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8495969-steven-grosby-on-the-persistence-of-nationhood"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41614878/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41614878/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41614878/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41614878/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41614878/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2a221c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41614878/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Steven Grosby on the persistence of nationhood
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
What is a nation, what is its significance, and to what problems of life is its persistence a response? Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Lucas Cranach&#39;s The Crossing of the Red Sea, 1530. Credit: Heritage Image Partnership Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
22m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1714111200" data-format="short_date">Apr 26, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
22m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8495778-vanessa-harding-on-nehemiah-wallington-puritan-chronicler-who-had-far-less-fun-than-pepys"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41613825/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41613825/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41613825/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41613825/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41613825/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b1ac9f; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41613825/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Vanessa Harding on Nehemiah Wallington, Puritan chronicler who had far less fun than Pepys 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Vanessa Harding (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/vanessa-harding/) on the God-fearing diarist Nehemiah Wallington (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/nehemiah-wallington-puritan-chronicler-had-far-less-fun-than-pepys/) whose personality was far removed from the cosmopolitanism of Samuel Pepys, his fast-living contemporary. Read by Sebastian Brown.

Image: An excerpt from Nehemiah Wallingt...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1714041006" data-format="short_date">Apr 25, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8492559-adrian-wooldridge-on-meritocracy"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41595683/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595683/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595683/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595683/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595683/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #241911; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41595683/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Adrian Wooldridge on meritocracy
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The biggest division in modern society is between the meritocracy and the people, the cognitive elite and the masses, the exam-passers and the exam-flunkers. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Caricature of a Cambridge University library in the Georgian era. Credit: Thomas Rowlandson / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
30m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1713506400" data-format="short_date">Apr 19, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
30m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8492424-the-entente-cordiale-with-t-g-otte"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41595000/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595000/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595000/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595000/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41595000/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #372c25; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41595000/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The Entente Cordiale with T.G. Otte
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Self-interest, imperial competition and new threats in Europe - T.G. Otte (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/t-g-otte/) examines the complex 120-year long history of the Entente Cordiale (https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-entente-cordiale-bad-history-but-good-politics/) with EI&#39;s senior editor, Paul Lay (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/paul-lay/) .

Image: First prize winner at the Cov...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
36m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1713439226" data-format="short_date">Apr 18, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
36m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8489707-mariano-sigman-on-how-language-has-shaped-human-consciousness"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41580123/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41580123/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41580123/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41580123/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41580123/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #444434; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41580123/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Mariano Sigman on how language has shaped human consciousness
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
How did our ancestors think? Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: A play is performed in an ancient Greek theatre. Credit: Classic Image / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1712919749" data-format="short_date">Apr 12, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8489688-peter-frankopan-on-anna-komnene-the-princess-who-chronicled-byzantium-s-changing-fortunes"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41579997/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41579997/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41579997/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41579997/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41579997/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #0b0705; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41579997/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Peter Frankopan on Anna Komnene, the princess who chronicled Byzantium’s changing fortunes 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Peter Frankopan (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/peter-frankopan/) on the Byzantine princess Anna Komnene (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/anna-komnene-the-princess-who-chronicled-byzantiums-changing-fortunes/) who, banished to a convent for her political ambition, devoted her gifts of observation to charting the fortunes of her father&#39;s empire – etching her legacy as Europe&#39;s first fe...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1712917225" data-format="short_date">Apr 12, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8484325-nathan-shachar-on-ideology-in-science"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41552024/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41552024/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41552024/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41552024/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41552024/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2c2c2c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41552024/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Nathan Shachar on ideology in science
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
There is no linear, moral progress in knowledge and science. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Triple-microscope made by the optician Camille Sebastien Nachet in Paris. Credit: gameover / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
20m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1712316378" data-format="short_date">Apr 05, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
20m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8484295-the-evolution-of-terrorist-threat"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41551842/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41551842/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41551842/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41551842/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41551842/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e3caba; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41551842/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The evolution of terrorist threat
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
EI&#39;s Deputy Editor Alastair Benn (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/alastair-benn/) speaks to Suzanne Raine (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/suzanne-raine/) , visiting professor in the Department of War Studies at King&#39;s College London, about the evolution of the terrorist threat (https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/what-should-we-do-when-the-terrorists-go-quiet/) and its long history (https...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
37m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1712311969" data-format="short_date">Apr 05, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
37m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8480300-gregory-feifer-on-the-mirage-of-russian-power"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41529669/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529669/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529669/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529669/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529669/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #0a0909; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41529669/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Gregory Feifer on the mirage of Russian power
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The mistake many Western countries make is to take Russia largely at face value. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Nesting Russian dolls showing former leaders. Credit: Mr Standfast / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
16m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1711695600" data-format="short_date">Mar 29, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
16m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8480191-gillian-clark-on-the-many-ways-of-seeing-saint-monica"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41529002/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529002/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529002/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529002/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41529002/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #554d2e; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41529002/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Gillian Clark on the many ways of seeing Saint Monica 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Gillian Clark (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/gillian-clark/) on Saint Monica (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/the-many-ways-of-seeing-saint-monica/) , mother to Augustine of Hippo and lionized by the Latin Church, a women of many names and many more mysteries. Read by Sebastian Brown.

Image: Saint Augustine and his mother, Saint Monica. Credit:: Carlo Bollo / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
14m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1711627993" data-format="short_date">Mar 28, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
14m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8477104-peter-heather-on-empire-and-development-in-first-millennium-europe"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41511577/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41511577/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41511577/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41511577/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41511577/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5b3c2c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41511577/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Peter Heather on empire and development in first millennium Europe 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The story of first millennium Europe is one of remarkable economic change and demographic upheaval; a precocious analogue to the modern era of globalisation. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Charlemagne. Credit: The Picture Art Collection / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
37m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1711090800" data-format="short_date">Mar 22, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
37m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8476760-will-ai-revolutionise-education"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41509586/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41509586/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41509586/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41509586/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41509586/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e8dda5; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41509586/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Will AI revolutionise education?
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Daisy Christodoulou (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/daisy-christodoulou/) punctures the hype around the applications of Large language models (LLMs) and chatbots to the field of learning. Will AI really revolutionise education? (https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/will-ai-revolutionise-education/)

Image: Mechanical brain. Credit: Sibani Das / Alamy Stock Vector
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
40m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1711015965" data-format="short_date">Mar 21, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
40m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8473996-barry-strauss-on-ancient-greek-geopolitics"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41493617/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41493617/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41493617/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41493617/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41493617/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #9f9f9f; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41493617/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Barry Strauss on Ancient Greek geopolitics
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The Greeks invented the notion of the interrelationship of geography and politics; indeed, they elaborated it in myriad ways. Read by Leighton Pugh.

https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/duality-determinism-and-demography-the-greeks-on-geopolitics/

Image: The Athenian fleet. Credit: INTERFOTO \ Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
28m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1710503020" data-format="short_date">Mar 15, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
28m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8473283-jenny-mccartney-on-jean-denis-comte-lanjuinais-fearless-opponent-of-the-terror"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41489852/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41489852/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41489852/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41489852/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41489852/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2e2e2e; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41489852/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Jenny McCartney on Jean Denis, Comte Lanjuinais, fearless opponent of The Terror 
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Jenny McCartney (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/jenny-mccartney/) on Comte Lanjuinais (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/jean-denis-comte-lanjuinais-fearless-opponent-of-the-terror/) , who risked his life by defying the Jacobins. Read by Sebastian Brown.

 Image: Comte Lanjuinais speaks at a febrile meeting of the National Convention, 1793. Credit: Chronicle / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
13m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1710413104" data-format="short_date">Mar 14, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
13m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8470515-josef-joffe-on-the-end-of-the-end-of-history"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41475127/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41475127/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41475127/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41475127/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41475127/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #1e1312; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41475127/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Josef Joffe on the end of &#39;the end of history&#39;
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
We equated a brief respite from history with the dawn of a new age. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Credit: Agencja Fotograficzna Caro / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
28m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1709901578" data-format="short_date">Mar 08, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
28m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8468646-werner-herzog"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41465244/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41465244/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41465244/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41465244/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41465244/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #d2cecd; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41465244/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Werner Herzog
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Geoff Andrew (https://www2.bfi.org.uk/people/geoff-andrew) , the BFI&#39;s programmer-at-large, and film critic Muriel Zagha (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/muriel-zagha/) sit down with EI&#39;s Deputy Editor Alastair Benn (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/alastair-benn/) to discuss the varied, visionary and eccentric creations of the German filmmaker Werner Herzog.

Credits: The audio clips at 0...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
1hr 7m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1709715600" data-format="short_date">Mar 06, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
1hr 7m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8466836-michael-broers-on-how-napoleon-built-a-continent"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41454860/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41454860/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41454860/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41454860/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41454860/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2d4a55; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41454860/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Michael Broers on how Napoleon built a continent
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Napoleonic geopolitics didn&#39;t make much impression on Europe&#39;s maps, but its influence was wide-ranging. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Napoleonic Europe: how the Emperor built a continent (https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/napoleonic-europe-how-the-emperor-built-a-continent/) | Michael Broers (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/michael-broers/)

Image: Napoleon crossing the Alps by Jacques-Louis Dav...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
35m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1709296501" data-format="short_date">Mar 01, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
35m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8466145-aspasia-of-miletus-queen-of-the-athenian-salon"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41451215/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41451215/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41451215/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41451215/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41451215/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #fafafa; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41451215/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Aspasia of Miletus: queen of the Athenian salon
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Armand D&#39;Angour (https://engelsbergideas.com/author/armand-dangour/) on Aspasia of Miletus (https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/aspasia-of-miletus-queen-of-the-athenian-salon/) , wife of Pericles and friend to philosophers. Read by Sebastian Brown.

Image: 19th Century lithograph of Aspasia of Miletus. Credit: GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
16m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1709204276" data-format="short_date">Feb 29, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
16m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8462691-norman-stone-on-the-1860s"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41432283/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41432283/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41432283/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41432283/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41432283/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #1f231f; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41432283/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Norman Stone on the 1860s
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
In the 1860s, commentators might have been justified in forecasting &#39;the end of history&#39; and lauding universal progress. History was to return with a vengeance. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: A lifeboat rescuing passengers from the ship Alarm in the 1860s. Credit: North Wind Picture Archives / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
19m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1708693102" data-format="short_date">Feb 23, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
19m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8461556-ukraine-two-years-on"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41425696/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41425696/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41425696/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41425696/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41425696/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #070815; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41425696/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Ukraine, two years on
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Two years on from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a solution, military or diplomatic, seems as far away as ever.

On Worldview, leading historians and commentators reflect on a conflict that has altered the state of global geopolitics.

Jade McGlynn (https://jademcglynn.com/) , author of Russia’s War (https://shop.pushkinhouse.org/products/russias-war-by-jade-mcglynn) , calls in from Kyiv (00:56)...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
1hr 24m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1708592400" data-format="short_date">Feb 22, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
1hr 24m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8459030-david-frum-on-how-empire-states-are-changing-the-game"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41412227/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41412227/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41412227/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41412227/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41412227/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #4c3846; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41412227/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
David Frum on how empire-states are changing the game
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
From the Engelsberg Ideas Archive. States are back and they&#39;re out to challenge the international order.

Image: Vladimir Putin captured from screen. Credit: Anton Dos Ventos / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
17m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1708092062" data-format="short_date">Feb 16, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
17m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8458605-horace-s-vast-and-complex-legacy"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41409524/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41409524/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41409524/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41409524/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41409524/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #231827; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41409524/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Horace’s vast and complex legacy
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Llewelyn Morgan, author of Horace: A Very Short Introduction, joins EI&#39;s Paul Lay to explore the Augustan poet&#39;s vast and complex legacy.

Image: Bust of Horace. Credit: Cum Okolo / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
43m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1708066800" data-format="short_date">Feb 16, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
43m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8455500-elisabeth-kendall-on-jihadist-poetry-as-propaganda"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41392378/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392378/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392378/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392378/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392378/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #614f3c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41392378/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Elisabeth Kendall on Jihadist poetry as propaganda
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Al-Qaeda&#39;s success in Yemen can in part be explained by the group&#39;s adept use of poetry as propaganda. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: An al-Qaeda logo is seen on a street sign in the town of Jaar in southern Abyan province, Yemen. Credit: Associated Press / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
21m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1707481228" data-format="short_date">Feb 09, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
21m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8455485-the-edwardians-the-calm-before-the-storm"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41392297/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392297/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392297/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392297/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41392297/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #57371e; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41392297/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The Edwardians: the calm before the storm
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Alwyn Turner, author of Little Englanders: Britain in the Edwardian Era, speaks to Paul Lay about the early 20th century, an age of anxiety.

Image: Street musicians in London in the Edwardian era. Credit: KGPA Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
52m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1707479237" data-format="short_date">Feb 09, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
52m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8451714-malise-ruthven-on-the-appeal-of-isis"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41372072/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372072/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372072/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372072/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372072/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dad7df; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41372072/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Malise Ruthven on the appeal of ISIS
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
From the Engelsberg Ideas Archive. The organisation that emerged under the name ISIS is not simply a terrorist group. It is a hybrid organisation comprised of a proto-state, a millenarian cult capable of attracting recruits from far beyond its borders, a network of Salafi jihadist groups, an organised criminal ring and an insurgent army led by highly skilled former Baathist military and intelli...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
34m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1706885453" data-format="short_date">Feb 02, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
34m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8451708-can-israel-win-the-peace"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41372038/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372038/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372038/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372038/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41372038/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #694c35; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41372038/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Can Israel win the peace?
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Ahron Bregman, author of Cursed Victory: A History of Israel and the Occupied Territories, outlines his vision for a lasting peace between Israel, Palestinians and the Arabs.

Image: An Israeli flag is seen through a dust cloud near the border with the Gaza strip. Credit: Eddie Gerald / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
41m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1706884961" data-format="short_date">Feb 02, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
41m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8446066-andrew-preston-on-the-invention-of-american-national-security"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41343049/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41343049/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41343049/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41343049/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41343049/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #966915; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41343049/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Andrew Preston on the invention of American national security
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
By the time Kennedy and Johnson held the presidency in the 1960s, the definition of US national security had been stretched and expanded in previously unimaginable ways. It was not unusual for Americans to perceive their security frontiers as global – indeed, it was considered natural. But it hadn’t always been thus. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Poster showing the American flag waving among c...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
25m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1706277331" data-format="short_date">Jan 26, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
25m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8446044-the-soviet-union-s-bid-for-africa"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41342905/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41342905/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41342905/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41342905/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41342905/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5d3216; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41342905/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The Soviet Union&#39;s bid for Africa
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Daniela Richterova, Senior Lecturer in Intelligence Studies at the Department for War Studies, King&#39;s College London, reflects on the efforts the Soviet Union made to court African states and liberation movements during the Cold War and draws parallels with China and Russia&#39;s new scramble for Africa.

Image: A monument to Arab-Soviet Friendship at the Aswan dam, Egypt. Credit: Matyas Rehak / Al...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
37m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1706275494" data-format="short_date">Jan 26, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
37m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8435130-charly-salonius-pasternak-on-how-nordic-and-baltic-countries-are-preparing-for-war"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41287529/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287529/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287529/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287529/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287529/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #1f232b; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41287529/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Charly Salonius-Pasternak on how Nordic and Baltic countries are preparing for war
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Thinking about &#39;war in our time&#39; and our region is no longer an activity restricted to historians or military planners. Politicians and citizens in the countries bordering the Baltic Sea have been forced to accept that it has become necessary to prepare for an unwelcome guest: war. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: A naval operation staged as part of the Freezing Winds military exercise, led by th...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
23m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1705666201" data-format="short_date">Jan 19, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
23m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8435095-the-life-and-work-of-mayazaki-hayao"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41287338/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287338/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287338/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287338/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41287338/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #584e37; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41287338/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The life and work of Mayazaki Hayao
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Alastair Benn is joined by Christopher Harding, cultural historian of Japan and author of The Light of Asia: A History of Western Fascination with the East, to discuss the life and work of celebrated animator Mayazaki Hayao, co-founder of Studio Ghibli, and his latest (and last?) film, The Boy and the Heron, a semi-autobiographical exploration of wartime bereavement, courage and ultimate redemp...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
38m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1705661067" data-format="short_date">Jan 19, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
38m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8429321-kimberly-kagan-on-the-united-states-and-the-new-way-of-war"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41257221/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257221/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257221/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257221/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257221/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #080506; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41257221/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Kimberly Kagan on the United States and the new way of war
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
The United States, still the dominant military power in the world, is immersed in a new era of warfare that it has not yet recognised as endemic and enduring. America is losing its wars to less powerful but more adaptable adversaries, while preparing inadequately for future inter-state conflicts. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Posters of slain Iranian Revolutionary Guard General Qassem Soleiman...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
20m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1705073392" data-format="short_date">Jan 12, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
20m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8429284-a-month-that-shook-the-world"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41257041/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257041/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257041/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257041/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41257041/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b1bfc6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41257041/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
A month that shook the world
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
In December 1941, the Japanese military attacked Pearl Harbor, making the Second World War a truly global conflict. Paul Lay is joined by Charlie Laderman to discuss a month that shook the world.

Image: Three US battleships stricken during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. Credit: GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
41m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1705070241" data-format="short_date">Jan 12, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
41m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8425653-pascal-vennesson-on-the-rise-of-transnational-war-making"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41236760/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41236760/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41236760/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41236760/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41236760/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #3b4559; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41236760/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Pascal Vennesson on the rise of transnational war-making
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Political success for the global insurgents can arise not only from a military victory on the ground, but from a military stalemate and even a military defeat. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Mock Houthi-made drones and missiles are set up in a city square in Yemen. Credit: Zuma Press / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
33m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1704452419" data-format="short_date">Jan 05, 2024</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
33m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8420834-rolf-ekeus-on-how-to-end-wars"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41210536/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41210536/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41210536/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41210536/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41210536/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2c1e09; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41210536/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Rolf Ekéus on how to end wars
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
There is only one way out of total destruction and collapse, which is creative diplomacy. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Dutch envoy Cornelis Calkoen received by the Ottoman grand vizier. Credit: World History Archive / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
20m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1703246557" data-format="short_date">Dec 22, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
20m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8416955-philip-bobbitt-on-the-new-global-disorder"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41189915/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189915/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189915/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189915/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189915/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #abb2b6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41189915/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Philip Bobbitt on the new global disorder
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
We cannot understand what is going wrong in the international order without first understanding what is going wrong in the constitutional order of states. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: The Statue of Liberty seen through a broken window on Ellis Island. Credit: Associated Press / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
20m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1702642584" data-format="short_date">Dec 15, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
20m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8416938-setting-2023-in-perspective"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41189813/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189813/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189813/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189813/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41189813/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #050403; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41189813/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Setting 2023 in perspective
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
What is the deep meaning of 2023? Alastair Benn is joined by Paul Lay and Iain Martin to set a dramatic year in perspective.

Image: A woman lights a candle to express solidarity with Israel. Credit: ZUMA Press, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
55m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1702640122" data-format="short_date">Dec 15, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
55m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8413314-yu-jie-on-the-deep-historical-roots-of-china-s-global-ambition"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41170633/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41170633/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41170633/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41170633/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41170633/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #1a3109; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41170633/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Yu Jie on the deep historical roots of China&#39;s global ambition
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
China projects its power and secures its national interests in three ways: exercising might, spending money and expressing its own mindset. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: CCP propaganda printed in rice fields. Credit: Fabio Nodari / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
25m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1702033268" data-format="short_date">Dec 08, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
25m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8412511-a-new-world-of-intelligence"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41166217/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41166217/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41166217/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41166217/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41166217/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #25292a; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41166217/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
A new world of intelligence
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Paul Lay and Alastair Benn are joined by Matthew Hefler, post-doctoral fellow at the Ax:son Johnson Institute for Statecraft and Diplomacy, to discuss the changing role of intelligence services in an era of intense geopolitical competition.

Image: The MI6 building in Vauxhall, London. Credit: Alex Segre / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
25m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1701945033" data-format="short_date">Dec 07, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
25m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8409641-andrew-monaghan-on-how-the-past-shapes-russian-grand-strategy"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41150332/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41150332/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41150332/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41150332/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41150332/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #332020; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41150332/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Andrew Monaghan on how the past shapes Russian grand strategy
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Putin uses history not only to fit a narrative that Russia is strong when it stands together, but also to seek legitimacy. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Russian Second World War propaganda poster. Credit: Shawshots / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
23m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1701434534" data-format="short_date">Dec 01, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
23m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8408494-the-challenges-of-counter-insurgency"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41144290/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41144290/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41144290/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41144290/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41144290/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5f3723; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41144290/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The challenges of counter-insurgency
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
What went wrong for the western alliance in Afghanistan? Paul Lay and Alastair Benn are joined by John Ferris, author of Behind the Enigma: The Authorised History of GCHQ, Britain&#39;s Secret Cyber-Intelligence Agency, to discuss whether liberal states can still carry out effective counter-insurgency operations.

Image: U.S. Marines search a compound in Afghanistan. Credit: Stocktrek Images, Inc. ...
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
20m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1701331200" data-format="short_date">Nov 30, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
20m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
<div class="card rounded-0 border-0 pas qa-audio-clip-overview" style="--bs-card-bg: transparent;">
<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/8405880-par-stenback-on-religion-and-politics-in-the-middle-east"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/41130608/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/41130608/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/41130608/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/41130608/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/41130608/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a4982e; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/41130608/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Pär Stenbäck on religion and politics in the Middle East
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Religion is often ignored as a political factor; in the Middle East, this is not possible. Read by Leighton Pugh.

Image: Supporters of the pro-Iranian Lebanese Hezbollah group wave the party flags in front of a poster of late Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini during a ceremony in Beirut. Credit: dpa picture alliance / Alamy Stock Photo
</div>
<div class="text-muted df align-items-baseline gap-2 fs-8">
<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
19m
</span>
<span class="d-sm-none">
&bull;
</span>
<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1700831163" data-format="short_date">Nov 24, 2023</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
19m
</div>
</div>
</div>
</a></div>

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