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We will talk more about Endel at the end of
the video but for now lets get on with how

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to own yourself from the philosophy of Friedrich
Nietzsche.

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Friedrich Nietzsche is a German philosopher
who lived in the second half of the 19th century.

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He is widely famous for his critique on morality
and religion and also for his critique on

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conventional philosophical ideas.

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He is considered a precursor of existentialism,
highlighting the importance of freedom and

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finding meaning in a meaningless world.

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He wrote several books, including “Thus
Spoke Zarathustra”, “Beyond Good and Evil”,

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“The Birth of Tragedy”, and “The Twilight
of the Idols”.

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He has also considered himself as a psychologist,
paving the way to the psychoanalysis of the

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20th century.

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Nietzsche was also famous for his words “God
is dead”.

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He had continuously attacked Christianity,
his books being more and more incisive as

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he became more mature.

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Such militant atheism was not seen with good
eyes in the nineteenth century and, in 1883,

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he tried and failed to obtain a lecturing
post at the University of Leipzig because

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of his attitude towards Christianity and the
concept of God.

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Nietzsche is a great example of a man who
stood by his views, who was not shy to express

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them in a straightforward manner, no matter
the cost.

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In other words, he owned himself and, in his
view, no price is too high for the privilege

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of owning yourself.

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To help you understand the ways in which you
can better own yourself, here are 5 lessons

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we can learn from the philosophy of Friedrich
Nietzsche:

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Dare to stand alone

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Nietzsche says: “The concept of greatness
entails being noble, wanting to be by oneself,

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being able to be different, standing alone
and having to live independently.”

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In his book “Beyond Good and Evil”, Nietzsche
ponders about what greatness means.

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Greatness means to be a totality by yourself,
being able to live independently, speaking

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your mind, being true to yourself, having
the guts to be different from the rest.

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Oftentimes, the ones who achieve great things
in life follow their own way, they are often

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working by themselves, without expecting any
help from others and they have enough guts

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to push against the resistance of others,
in other words, they have more “will”.

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According to Nietzsche, we all have this will,
which he called, the will to power, the will

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to overcome yourself, to expand your potential.

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To reach greatness, we should never compare
ourselves to anyone else, we are unique by

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nature and we should stop believing that our
value is dictated by society.

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Our value is the value we give to ourselves.

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When we are children or young adults, we highly
depend on our parents and later in life we

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depend on the ones who pay us if we are employees
or we depend on our clients if we are entrepreneurs

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or, in some cases, we depend on our spouses.

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Because we can hardly be totally independent,
our behaviour and thoughts are shaped by the

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ones we depend on.

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In spite of living in a free society, such
a society is built in a way that it makes

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us all connected, dependent on each other.

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If we are tied too much to other people, we
might risk losing our individuality, our true

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authentic self.

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We should thus avoid codependent relationships
and seek more healthy interdependent relations,

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the type of relation in which our sense of
self is respected and protected.

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When you truly own yourself, you are capable
of making decisions on your own, to decide

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the best action you can take for yourself,
without being influenced by others.

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You have to have the freedom to decide what
career to follow, whom to marry, how to dress

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yourself, how to organize your life, and so
on.

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We might all agree with these teachings, but
in practice it is much harder.

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However, there is no better time than this,
in our modern ever connected and dependent

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world, to practice a bit of Nietzschean philosophy
to achieve greatness, to own yourself.

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In order to do so you need to protect your
sense of who you are inside any relationship,

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you need to make a habit to spend some time
in solitude, to learn how to make decisions

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for yourself without letting others take them
instead of you.

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For example, you should take the liberty to
have at least 1or 2 hours per day for yourself,

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in which you should engage in a personal hobby,
meditate, go for a long walk, considering

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your goals or similar.

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Don’t allow others to tell you what you
have to do, what you should think, and most

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importantly, who you should be.

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2.

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Follow your wildest dreams
Nietzsche tells us: “I know of no better

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life purpose than to perish in attempting
the great and the impossible.”

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Nietzsche’s life was one of extremes.

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He suffered deeply both physically and mentally,
eventually resulting in him suffering from

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subcortical dementia.

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His disease forced him to adopt an ultra-positive
philosophy, one that is pro-living, pro-vitality,

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pro-strength and not one which denigrates
life.

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If he were a pessimist, his disease would
have won faster over him.

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Embracing a positive attitude towards life
gave him more power to fight the disease.

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He understood that the best way to live your
life is by pushing it to the limits, the way

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to respect your life is not through doing
your best to preserve it, making it comfortable,

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but by living it to the fullest, no matter
the dangers.

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He was against the common idea of “happiness”
or “progress”.

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In his view, described in “The Twilight
of Idols”, he affirmed that the goal of

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life is not to seek pleasure.

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For Nietzsche, it is much better to target
impossible dreams and fail than to target

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common dreams and succeed.

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Nietzsche’s life is an example.

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Although in some way he failed, having left
academia, living poorly until he succumbed

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to dementia, it was all worth it as he left
behind philosophical books of great value.

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He followed his goal with courage and no fear.

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In the same way, following his example, we
should think of our wildest dreams and how

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we can give our best in pursuing them, no
matter the cost.

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You might be stuck right now in a career that
you do not like, for example, say you are

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an accountant but all you wanted in life was
to perform on stage as a comedian.

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To follow your dream, you should ignore the
cost of having a stable job, you might need

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to resign from your job or start building
your career as a stand up comedian in your

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free time.

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Life is too short to not follow your wildest
dreams and work on something you enjoy.

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Owning yourself involves owning your time,
doing in life what really has meaning to you,

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and not giving your time for money, doing
what everybody else does.

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Even if you do not reach what you really dream
of, at least you will work in the right direction.

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As the saying goes, “You have to shoot for
the stars in order to reach the moon”.

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3.

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Follow your goals, not a system
In the words of Nietzsche: “Many are stubborn

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in pursuit of the path they have chosen.

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Few in pursuit of the goal.”

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In many of his books, Nietzsche stressed upon
the importance of expanding your horizons

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and reaching your highest potential, the highest
ideal being the ideal of becoming an Ubermensch

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or superhuman.

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However, he noticed that most people are doing
it wrong - they blindly follow systems instead

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of following their goals.

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Systems are the opposite of goals, they are
about creating a repeatable set of actions

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instead of focusing on a final outcome.

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Focusing on a goal gives you a better chance
to succeed as it forces you to push more effort.

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What is important about setting goals is that,
whenever you have a big goal as a target,

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you gradually become the person worthy of
that target.

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It transforms you.

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It is not the end goal that counts, but the
journey, the person you become in that journey.

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Or, in Nietzsche’s words, what is great
in a man is that he is a bridge towards something

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greater, and not an end goal.

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The person you become in that journey is what
matters, not the achievement of the goal.

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Following a great goal helps us improve ourselves,
to become better people, for which we need

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to go step by step, overcoming one obstacle
at a time.

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When you set a goal, you set it based on your
dreams and wishes, but you also set a deadline

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together with the goal and that puts some
expectations on yourself.

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On the contrary, when you follow a system,
in your workplace for example, the expectations

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are not that great, it is just about following
some daily habit, without forcing yourself

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to push your limits.

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Thus, systems are for people who avoid this
stress of pursuing a goal and who prefer comfort

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instead of making their dreams come true.

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The most important thing is to have personal
goals, meaning they should be your goals,

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not dictated by anyone else.

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To achieve these goals, you might need to
have a system as well, but not a system borrowed

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from somebody else, it should be your system,
designed to help you to reach your personal

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goal, a system which you should change whenever
necessary.

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You need clear targets and to develop a set
of steps which can help you to achieve those

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targets.

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For example, make a list with all the things
you want to achieve in the next 5 years, another

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list with things to achieve in the next year,
then the next 3 months, then a month, then

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this week and then today.

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Then prioritize, think about what is most
important.

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Imagine your primary goal is to own your dream
villa with an ocean view.

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First, decide the exact location and collect
information regarding local property prices.

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Then, make a plan on how to pay for the villa,
will you buy it cash or through a mortgage?

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How much money will you need for that and
how much do you need to increase your income

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to get the villa?

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What steps do you need to take?

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Maybe you discover you need to change your
job.

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You can then plan this month to apply for
other jobs, in the next year to be promoted

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and so on.

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Organise your life according to your major
goals, don’t structure your life-plans according

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to a system of someone else’s design, such
as the company you work for, for example.

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4.

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Embrace your demons
Nietzsche warns us to: “Be careful, lest

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in casting out your demon you exorcise the
best thing in you.”

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Nietzsche was ill for a big part of his life;
he suffered from migraines without aura since

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he was a child.

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Sometimes, his headaches were insufferable
and he could barely work.

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In the second half of his life, he suffered
from a psychiatric illness and depression.

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This psychiatric illness took power over him
when he succumbed to it on the streets of

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Turin, in Italy, when he ran to a horse who
was beaten by the owner and said “I understand

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you”.

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He ended in profound dementia and the last
12 years of his life he spent being almost

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unconscious.

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He faced terrible demons all his life.

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But, spending so much time at the edge of
the abyss looking down at his own demons,

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he could understand that they were part of
him and the best strategy is not to fight

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them, but to accept them and to try to manage
them.

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For Nietzsche, owning his demons meant owning
himself, and this was his main priority.

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Although he failed in the end, he could succeed
in writing exceptional books, making him famous

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as he became one of the most important philosophers
in the entire history of humankind.

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And, who knows, perhaps he owes his success
to the way he managed his demons.

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Therefore, it is never okay to cast out your
demons, they can be the best things that can

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happen to you.

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For Nietzsche, these demons were the Dionysiac
part of ourselves which should be brought

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to the surface.

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In Nietzsche’s view, we have two sides:
the dionysiac and apollonian sides.

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The Dionysiac side is what is hidden, sometimes
even from ourselves, and it is related to

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the intuitive, subconscious, mystical aspects
of our personality, comprising in general

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what we repress, what is not generally accepted
by society.

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Dionysos was the god of wine, of theater,
of physical pleasures, of living life to the

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fullest, free of inhibitions, while
Apollo was the god of Sun, of archery, music

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and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and
diseases.

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The apollonian side is that side more related
to that aspect of ourselves which we can reveal

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to others, which is positive, embodying the
best part of ourselves which can be well received

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by others.

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If there is no problem in revealing our apollonian
side, things are more difficult regarding

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the Dionysiac side.

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We have a lot of work to do to accept our
Dionysiac side, our demons, and learn how

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to manage them.

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Casting out our demons means repressing our
emotions and this can lead to a disintegration

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of the self because if we severely repress
our emotions we not only deny ourselves, but

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we can severely damage the structure of our
own psychological identity.

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In some ways, we give more value to the society
around us, than to our own selves.

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Of course, repressing some of the very negative
emotions helps us adapt to society.

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For example, when we feel so angry at somebody
that we want to physically hit them, but we

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immediately repress that instinct because
we know this is not accepted by the moral

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norms of our society.

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No matter how hard this would be on you, it
is more morally acceptable if you reply in

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a calm manner, defend yourself politely or
ignore that person.

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But there are situations when you should not
repress your emotions because it can lead

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to severe self-denial.

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For example, imagine you feel a lot of jealousy
for a friend who is much more successful than

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you.

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Despite what many of us were taught growing
up, it is completely fine to feel jealous

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and you should not cast that emotion out.

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Embrace it.

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You can use such jealousy to work more on
yourself, it can make you learn new skills

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to advance in your career or give you the
impetus you need to start working on your

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plans towards that dream villa.

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Therefore, jealousy can be one of the greatest
things which can happen to you.

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It is just a matter of how you manage it.

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Instead of using your jealousy as destructive
means, like talking badly about your friends'

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success in front of others, use your jealousy
to make improvements to yourself.

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Do not cast out your demons, learn to manage
them, use them in constructive ways.

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And in doing so, you can have a better ownership
over your destructive instincts and ultimately

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over yourself.

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5.

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Give style to your character
In our final quote from Nietzsche for this

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video, he says: “Giving style” to one’s
character - a great and rare art!”

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Nietzsche was not only a bright philosopher,
but also an artist.

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He was a pianist, composed beautiful songs
and even used to write poetry.

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He was an extremely sensitive man, with great
artistic skills.

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Even his pen writing style was special.

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The book he wrote which he considered the
most important book he had ever written was

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“Thus Spoke Zarathustra”, although very
controversial, it is a work of philosophical

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fiction and a work of art.

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Nietzsche considered it a tragedy, a parody,
a polemic and the culmination of the German

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language at the same time.

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He was extremely proud of having written it.

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Indeed, Nietzsche was a master of the German
language, giving it a special style, making

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an art out of it.

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And this kind of excellence in his writing
style he wished to see transposed in people’s

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characters.

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That is why he admired great leaders and writers
of the past, who could embody with style great

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ideals, like Caesar, Napoleon or Goethe.

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For example, in Goethe, he saw someone who
could be a totality.

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Even his main work, Faust, reflects the totality
of human experience.

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Goethe could take the most important elements
of the human experience and create beautiful

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works of art out of them.

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This was specifically the goal of Nietzsche
with his book “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”,

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a book “for all and none”.

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What we can learn from Nietzsche regarding
his views over art, is that art is not only

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to entertain us, to please our emotions, it
can be something applied to our character

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too.

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We can make art out of our character, by playing
with our qualities and defects, like a conductor

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directs an orchestra.

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We can make our qualities sing harder and
the defects lower and, even more, if we know

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exactly when to introduce a defect, to make
it in such a way that it sounds pleasant rather

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than annoying.

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To reach such mastery, you need to properly
know your qualities and defects, to know for

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which you need a higher dose and which you
should keep in shadow and reveal only in certain

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circumstances.

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Revealing yourself is an art that you should
perform with great style and there is an art

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to turn your character flaws into strengths.

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Every character flaw has a “silver lining”,
which is a sign of hope or a positive aspect

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in an otherwise negative situation.

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For example, imagine that people always consider
you to be too pessimistic, you’re always

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bringing people down.

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When in a meeting at work, a colleague proposes
an unconventional way to reduce the manufacturing

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costs of a product by using a new technology.

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Your first tendency would be to say that the
company does not have experience in using

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that technology and the timeline of the project
is too tight, so you turn down that colleague

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immediately.

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Instead of such a reaction, think of new ways
to bring up your concerns - give style to

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your character.

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Say something like “this is a brilliant
idea.

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How would you propose to proceed?

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Should we hire new people who have experience
in this technology?

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Or is there a possibility to delay the project?”

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Always use affirmative questions to smooth
your pessimistic tendency, but don’t give

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up the way you think, which is to spot the
possible risks.

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Owning yourself implies knowing your qualities
and defects, mastering them and thus giving

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your character great style.

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