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CLAIRE HICKINBOTHAM: Hello and
welcome to Nature Fix with me

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Claire Hickenbotham. Each month
we take you with us to meet the

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people whose lives have been
changed by the outdoors and join

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them in a place that most
inspires them. Today we're

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joining astronomer and adventure
lover Nazanin Jahanshahi in the

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middle of Manchester.

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Naz shows us how the City centre
might look an unlikely place for

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a celestial tour. But look up
and you'll be amazed at what you

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might see. And this winter's
evening, we're in for a treat.

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We're looking at stars, a rare
planetary parade, and getting

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tips on hunting for the Northern
Lights. So let's wrap up warm

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for an awe-inspiring city
stargazing voyage.

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NAZANIN JAHANSHAHI: We're
actually in Manchester city

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centre right now and there is a
lot of traffic, lots of people,

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lots of light pollution which
would seem like a pretty unusual

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place to talk about the night
sky but I think there's a lot up

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there that people can still see
so we're gonna go for a little

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walk and see what we can see.

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I'm Naz, my love of the skies
kind of began when I was around

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seven years old. My granddad
used to ask me to point out the

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moon in the sky. Then when it
came to high school and actually

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studying, you know, sciences,
physics ended up being my

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favourite subject and when it
came to studying something at

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university I chose physics with
astrophysics.

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I've gone on to work at Kielder
Observatory, other hobbies have

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come into that now so I'm a
climber, we love to go

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everywhere in the country.

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I'm still very much an outdoorsy
person. I spend a lot of time

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outside but I still do try and
find time to look up and look at

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the skies. Even on my journey to
and from work I will always be

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looking up. It's not always the
the safest thing to do as I do

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ride a motorbike and yeah all of
that has come into it but that's

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essentially me.

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This is Deansgate around rush
hour. The skies are just

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starting to get completely
darken.

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So we've ventured off the main
road and we're just walking

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through Castlefield.

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There's still lots and lots of
lights around, but there's just

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a little quiet area. There's no
lights directly above us and

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that's allowed us to see a
little bit more of the sky.

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CLAIRE HICKINBOTHAM: Anyone can
enjoy the stars just by looking

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up on a clear night. And on this
particular evening there's a lot

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to see up in space. But if you
want to understand more about

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what you're looking at, Naz says
there are some great books or

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apps to get you started.

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NAZANIN JAHANSHAHI: The most
commonly used app is called

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Stellarium and it's free and
it's got all of the information

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you could possibly need about
the night sky. So it's one of

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the best tools that you can take
out with you for the first time.

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We are looking at an incredibly
clear winter night at the

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moment, and it's still darkening
a little bit.

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It's just past sort of six
o'clock, so we're still waiting

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for the skies to get completely
dark, but the brightest objects

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have at this point kind of
revealed themselves. Looking at

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the sky in, like I say,
Manchester city centre, the

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brightest objects that we can
actually see after the sun and

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the moon are the planets, when
they are in the sky.

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And at the moment we do have the
planetary parade going on.

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Immediately after sunset we do
have quite a few of the planets

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in the sky and the brightest of
those is Venus. After the sun

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and the moon Venus is the
brightest object in the sky so I

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can see that that is not
twinkling, it's not moving and

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there are no flashing lights.

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So I'm definitely looking at a
planet and that is the planet

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Venus. Interesting fact about
Venus is that it is incredibly

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close to our planet in terms of
size. Some people think of it as

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our sister planet, but it is
very different in composition.

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The atmosphere of Venus is
incredibly toxic.

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It has sulfur in its atmosphere,
lots of cloud. It's very, very

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hot, it's actually the hottest
planet in our solar system. Even

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though it isn't the closest
planet to the sun, it is the

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hottest because of that cloudy
atmosphere that traps all of

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that heat. So, not necessarily a
planet that we would ever really

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want to spend a lot of time on.

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Moving over towards the sort of
darker part of the night sky

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away from the sunset, we can see
another bright object. And that

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bright object is the planet
Jupiter, the biggest planet in

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our solar system.

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It's absolutely massive so even
though it is on the other side

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of the asteroid belt it is
incredibly far away from us. It

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is still very very bright in the
night sky. It is a gas giant

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planet so it is mainly composed
of gas and that gas is whipping

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around the planet at incredibly
high speeds.

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One feature that can be spotted
on Jupiter if you have a very

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very good telescope and if you
are in darker skies, better

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conditions, you can see
Jupiter's great red spot which

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is essentially a massive storm
kind of like a tornado or a

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hurricane happening on Jupiter
that is just swirling around and

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it creates this red spot within
that gas that's spinning around

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the planet that has changed
shape and changed size

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throughout our lifetimes and
it's really interesting watching

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it evolve and we can learn lots
about what's going on on that

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planet.

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But that great red spot is about
two or three times the size of

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our planet. It is absolutely
huge.

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The next bright object that we
can see is the planet Mars. And

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you can very evidently, again,
in the centre of Manchester,

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with all of this light pollution
around, you can still see the

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orange colour in that planet. So
Mars has its red colour because

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of the iron that exists on the
surface.

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So a lot of people call it the
red planet and people aren't

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always sure what that red colour
comes from. There's a lot of

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iron on that planet and it has
oxidised so it essentially is

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covered with rust so it's very
bright in the sky, it's very

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orange. We have rovers on Mars
we've sent missions to Mars to

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bring back martian soil so we
are learning lots about Mars and

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we perhaps might see people on
Mars within our lifetimes.

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So we're going to move on from
this location. We're going to

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move on to Castlefield Bowl
which is a sort of a hot spot

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that people go and sit around.
But we're going to continue

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looking up at the sky and see
what we can see.

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We're currently walking past
Castlefield Viaduct. I think

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Manchester in general does have
quite a lot of really lovely

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viaducts and they really add to
the sort of infrastructure of

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the whole place and keeps it at
its roots I think.

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When I want to get away from the
light pollution and I really

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want to do some serious
observing whether it's with a

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telescope or a pair of
binoculars or simply if there is

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a meteor shower happening and I
want to be somewhere dark so I

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could catch even the the
smallest of shooting stars

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facing across the sky, I will
venture further out and my go-to

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place around Manchester is the
Peak District.

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There's lots and lots of areas
that you can go to and there's

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plenty of resources that we can
use as well to discover the

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darker skies a little bit closer
to us. So if you go onto Google

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and you type in dark sky maps,
the sky darkness is essentially

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measured and plotted on maps.

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So we can see exactly where it
might be darker around our area

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and even if it's only marginally
darker than where you live, it

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still makes a huge difference.
But light pollution is a massive

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problem for not only researchers
trying to do research on space

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and what's out there but also
just general human life and

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nature as well. Our circadian
rhythms can be massively

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affected by artificial light and
we are absolutely surrounded by

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it at this point. There's no
getting away from it unless you

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go to incredibly isolated
places. And personally I think

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it causes us to lose touch with
our surroundings, the nature

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around us.

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I think it's also really
profound being able to look up

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at the night sky and think about
what's out there, think about

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the true scale of what's out
there. And how incredibly

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unlikely it is that we've come
into existence and consider all

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of these things and our place in
the universe and i think when we

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can't see the night sky you kind
of start to lose touch of that

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you touch of what it really
means to spend time on planet

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Earth.

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CLAIRE HICKINBOTHAM: Naz reaches
Castlefield Bowl, Manchester's

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famous open-air music venue. It
gives big views of the darkening

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sky, and Naz takes a front-row
seat for the stars putting on

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their celestial show.

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NAZANIN JAHANSHAHI: We've
arrived at Castlefield Bowl and

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we've got quite a nice view of
the sky. We can see quite a big

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patch of it. And we're going to
have a little sit down and talk

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about some of the other
celestial bodies and then go on

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to Aurora hunting.

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So looking up at the skies,
usually the first place that I

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would recommend kind of
beginning your journey around

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the night sky is by looking for
the North Star. And the way that

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we find the North Star is by
looking for the Big Dipper. And

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there are seven stars that make
up the shape of a pan. And once

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you've spotted the Big Dipper,
from there it becomes quite easy

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to navigate your way around the
sky.

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So the way that we find the
North Star is by finding the two

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stars that make up the sort of
the pan edge, so the opposite

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side to the pan handle, those
two stars. You draw a line

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between those two stars and then
you keep on drawing that line

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through the sky, up away from
the pan and the next bright star

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that you get to or the next...

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brighter star that you get to
that star there is the North

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Star. A common mistake that
people make is that the North

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Star is the brightest star in
the sky. It's not it's actually

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somewhere around the sort of
50th brightest in the sky. It's

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not a particularly bright star
at all but again from the centre

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of Manchester i can still see it
that is a star that will not

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move no matter what season we're
in no matter what time of the

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day it is, it will always remain
in the exact same spot. So it's

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a really good place to sort of
anchor yourself in the sky and

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from there you can work your way
out to the other constellations

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immediately around it.

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So there are some nights where
we can't see the moon or we see

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it a little bit later on. When
the moon is at its fullest

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phase, it is essentially on the
opposite side of the sun in

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where it appears in the sky.

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So as the sun sets is when that
full moon will rise on the

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opposite side. But we're
currently in the time of the

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month where the moon is reaching
its new moon phase and the sun

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is essentially behind it. All of
the sunlight is being reflected

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off the dark side, the other
side of the moon and then the

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side that we cannot see.

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But we're currently in that new
moon phase, which actually so

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happens to be the best time of
the month to actually do some

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stargazing. Because the moon
itself is its own light

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pollution.

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When the moon is in the sky, it
can actually be a massive

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hindrance to what you can see up
there. And all of the sort of

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fainter stars completely fade
into the sky. And it's, yeah,

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it's an incredibly bright object
when it's up in the sky.

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CLAIRE HICKINBOTHAM: A short
walk through the City has

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revealed some stunning secrets
of the night sky. But there's

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one phenomenon that tops a lot
of people's bucket lists. The

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aurora borealis, or the northern
lights. Which appear as ethereal

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rippling strips of colour. The
aurora borealis happens when the

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sun sends out massive flares of
energy called coronal mass

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ejections.

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These flares travel through
space on solar wind before they

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penetrate the Earth's magnetic
field and are funnelled to the

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north and south poles. The sun's
energy reacts with particles in

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the Earth's atmosphere to
release light, and different

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elements release different
colours like greens and reds.

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This light display is what we
see as the aurora. And Naz has

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seen this celestial showstopper
right here in Manchester.

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NAZANIN JAHANSHAHI: So I have
seen the northern lights quite a

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few times. I've seen them in
several locations around the

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world. I've seen them in
Scandinavia and Finland. I've

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seen them in Iceland. I've also
seen them in the UK. In Scotland

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and also right here in
Manchester.

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On this evening where it was
predicted to happen, I'd had

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word that the sun had had one of
these coronal mass ejections and

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this ejection of energy was
absolutely massive. So it had

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the potential of being an
incredible show and everybody

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got very excited about it. On
this particular evening, I was

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on my way to climb at an indoor
climbing centre.

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And I got there with my partner,
with my boyfriend, and as soon

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as I got there I was looking at
my phone and I thought,

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tonight's the night, it's going
to happen. So I actually left

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him at the climbing centre and
headed out into a slightly

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darker part of Manchester on a
hill that we call Werneth Low.

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So I got up to this hill and
there was people everywhere. And

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that excitement was really,
really nice to see. And I

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interacted with people whilst we
were waiting and it was very

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cold. Everyone was really cold
waiting, shivering, but we stood

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there and we waited a few hours.
We started to see a very bright

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red appearing.

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Something that a lot of people
don't expect about the aurora,

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especially when you see all of
these pictures of the aurora, is

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that when you see it with your
own eyes, you don't see the

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colours that vibrantly. And
that's purely because cameras

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can capture that light in a way
that your eyes cannot.

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That doesn't take away from the
spectacle of it, that doesn't

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take away from the ribbons of
light, the whip across the sky.

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But on this particular night,
waiting for it in Manchester,

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the first instance of it that we
saw was very obviously red to

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our own eyes. And I have never
in my life seen as much colour

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in the aurora as I did that
night.

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The skies were filled with reds,
with pinks, with greens,

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purples, and I could see it all
with my own eyes. And it was

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absolutely incredible. And I was
out for an hour, an hour and a

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half, trying to capture all of
this, trying to take pictures of

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it.

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And the fact that I was able to
take pictures like that, so

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close to the centre of
Manchester, surrounded by all of

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this light pollution, was
really, really spectacular for

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me and will possibly be my most
memorable experience of the

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aurora. It is really like
watching magic appear right

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above your head because...

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you know, it's not like you've
switched it on or off. It's

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something that has naturally
occurred in the sky. And I think

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the elusive nature of it as well
makes it all that more special.

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There's a lot that we can see
out there if we just look up.

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There is so much that you
wouldn't expect, so much that

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you wouldn't even know about
that happens on a daily basis

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that if you just look up and you
question what you see up there,

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you'll see things that not
everyone sees.

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CLAIRE HICKINBOTHAM: I hope
you've enjoyed this month's

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00:17:34,249 --> 00:17:38,152
Nature Fix. For inspiration and
guides to night sky watching,

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00:17:38,332 --> 00:17:41,594
head to our episode show notes.
And wherever you are, don't

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00:17:41,634 --> 00:17:46,137
forget to look up. If you love
nature, why not try out Wild

268
00:17:46,177 --> 00:17:49,299
Tales podcast for weird and
wonderful stories about our

269
00:17:49,319 --> 00:17:52,602
incredible world. Or join the
fun with Ranger Rae and the

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00:17:52,622 --> 00:17:56,084
Wildlifers podcast for little
ones. See you next time.

