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We will talk more about Morning Brew a little
later but for now let's get on with 7 Life

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lessons from Aristotle.

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Aristotle is a Promethean figure in the history
of the world, who lived between 384–322

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BC, He is considered "the father” of logic,
biology, political science, zoology, embryology,

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of natural law, scientific method, rhetoric,
psychology, realism and even of meteorology.

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He was first a student of Plato, then, when
Plato retired, he left the Academia which

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Plato founded, and he became the tutor of
Alexander The Great, and the two other future

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kings: Ptolemy and Cassander.

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He established a library in the Lyceum which
helped him to produce many of his hundreds

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of books on papyrus scrolls.

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Unfortunately, only a third of his magnificent
work has survived.

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For example, the “treatises”, “Physics”,
“Metaphysics”, “Nicomachean Ethics”,

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“Politics”, “On the Soul” and “Poetics”
- have influenced more than two millennia

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of scientists and theologians alike, both
fascinated by his ideas.

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Being the founder of so many disciplines and
having such a tumultuous life living in the

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company of great kings, Aristotle has many
life lessons to offer us, so with that in

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mind, in this video we bring you 7 life lessons
from Aristotle.

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Don’t run away from your problems
Aristotle says: “To run away from trouble

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is a form of cowardice and, while it is true
that the suicide braves death, he does it

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not for some noble object but to escape some
ill.”

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It is easy to be optimistic when everything
in our lives goes well.

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But it is much harder when we are faced with
problems or even tragedies.

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It is important to focus on the solution if
you can fix the problem or, if you cannot

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fix it, it is important to find peace with
the situation and focus on what you have learned

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from the experience.

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Aristotle invented the concept of “catharsis”
in his book “Poetics'', explaining that

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a negative experience can always teach us
a moral lesson.

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But, if there is a solution for the respective
problem, if it is something you can change,

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then you should be brave and face reality
and do everything you can to solve the problem.

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Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander The Great
and he taught him what it means to have courage

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to face your problems.

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Alexander was a great visionary and strategist,
he conquered many battles even when his army

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was outnumbered, he didn’t shy away from
anything, even if it was against a huge army

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of people accompanied by 200 elephants.

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Following the teachings of Aristotle and the
bravery of Alexander the Great, we should

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try to be a little more courageous in life,
to not run away from our problems.

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Before running away from people, from problems,
from circumstances, it is always better to

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look reality in the eye and we can understand
that what we thought was terribly scary is

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not actually as scary as you think.

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Even if you do not have the power to change
things for the better by yourself, you can

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always ask for help.

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You will eventually find someone to help you
overcome the problem.

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For example, if you have seemingly insurmountable
debts with the bank, instead of hiding yourself

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in a corner ruminating over your problems,
you should better talk to your friends, and

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the members of your family and through them
you may even find a solution with them to

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help pay your debts.

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Do not hide in your desperation, be proactive
and share your problems with others in order

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to find the best solution.

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However, there are some situations when there
is nothing else you can do, other than to

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think what kind of moral lesson you can learn
from the event.

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For example, if somebody close to you betrayed
you, a close friend stole a fortune from you

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or a spouse cheated on you, your moral lesson
would be to get to know the other people better

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before you confide in them or marry them,
before you give them your full trust.

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Do not judge yourself too harshly for this
mistake, but rather develop a life principle

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to never trust someone before you really know
them.

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Try to Find the golden mean
Aristotle tells us “Virtue is the golden

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mean between two vices, the one of excess
and the other of deficiency”

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One of the main ideas of Aristotle’s teachings
is the idea of finding balance.

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In the book Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle
identified that what makes people good and

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successful is a set of 11 virtues: courage,
temperance, liberality, magnificence, magnanimity,

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pride, patience, truthfulness, wittiness,
friendliness, and modesty.

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Each virtue is the balance between 2 extremes.

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For example, courage is in the middle of cowardice
and rashness.

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A courageous person is neither too much of
a coward, nor too rash.

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Similarly, losing your temper is a vice - it
is much wiser to find a middle ground and

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use a moderate amount of anger when you try
to express your fury about something.

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You would not want to explode over anything
you dislike, living every day with high blood

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pressure, but you also don’t want to keep
quiet and let people take advantage of you.

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You need to find the happy medium.

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A balanced person, Aristotle argues, will
be a virtuous and happy person . They have

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found the Golden Mean.

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In our modern day society, where everything
is so easily available, a lot of us fail to

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apply this rule.

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We either over-consume or stay in our shells
out of fear and anxiety.

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We either succumb to the extreme of excess,
which can take form in the accumulation of

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wealth, food, drugs and alcohol or descend
into deficiency, like inadequate attention

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to education, intellectual pursuits or healthy
sport & lifestyle activities.

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We all know that lack of sleep or too much
drinking can harm our health and yet we keep

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continuing to fall into this trap time after
time.

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What makes this living in excess or deficiency
so tempting for most of us is that we care

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more for our short term gratification.

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On the other hand, respecting this golden
mean, and maintaining equilibrium requires

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willpower and long-term thinking abilities,
and finding that balance is a very important

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aspect of our well-being.

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Balancing your desires will strengthen your
willpower, build your self-confidence and

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will keep you focused on your long-term goals.

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Have dignity and grace
To quote Aristotle: “The ideal man bears

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the accidents of life with dignity and grace,
making the best of circumstances.”

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Dignity and grace are not accidents.

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They are the result of a clear intention.

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After Alexander the Great died, people started
to develop negative sentiment for him; Aristotle

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was accused of impiety and forced to run away
from Athens, leaving for Chalcis, in Euboea

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island, retiring from political and social
life.

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Although saddened by this, Aristotle left
with dignity and grace, but not without saying

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"I will not allow the Athenians to sin twice
against philosophy," meaning that he will

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continue his work in philosophy no matter
what Athenians do.

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Dignity and grace come with having a noble
purpose in life; in the case of Aristotle

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whose name in ancient Greek means “the best
purpose”, this noble purpose in life was

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philosophy.

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When you know your noble purpose, you can
more easily ignore the many others criticising

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you at the bottom of your tree, your tree
representing your journey towards a noble

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goal.

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Your decisions made with dignity and grace
have a bigger importance in determining your

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destiny than the events and circumstances
in your life.

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You should use your reason to understand that
the things people do are more a reflection

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of them than of you.

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If you have a noble goal in life for example,
creating a business which can help thousands

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or even millions of people rising up from
poverty, funding a school in Africa, or spreading

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your knowledge through the books you write,
then you’re that much less likely to mind

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- for example - that your best friend said
some bad things about you.

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Because you know who you are and your ultimate
noble goal in life, you're less upset about

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your partner leaving you because you know
you are worthy of love.

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As you are on a great journey to have a positive
impact on this world, don’t humiliate yourself

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when such things happen to you, simply react
with dignity and grace.

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Be open to others’ points of view
Aristotle teaches us: “It is the mark of

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an educated mind to be able to entertain a
thought without accepting it.”

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During his debates and lectures in the Lyceum,
during his long walks with students, Aristotle

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was listening to others' ideas and later he
was organizing them, coming up with innovative

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ways of approaching different problems.

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In this way, he could enrich the knowledge
of his time and he became a beacon of wisdom

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transcending millennia.

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Aristotle always emphasized on the importance
of good listening, saying that there are three

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components of it: virtue, character and education.

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Virtue to give the other the right to speak
and come with arguments, character to control

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yourself and your frustration when you are
proven wrong and education to know what are

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the best questions to ask in order to decipher
what the other is really trying to say.

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In general, you need to be able to stay in
the conversation even if you see the other

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people’s opinions as wrong.

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You might still learn something from them,
even if it is just one percent.

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And that is why Aristotle was saying the mark
of an educated person is to be able to entertain

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a thought without accepting it.

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Seeing a problem from different angles even
if they are not entirely correct perspectives

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helps you understand the problem better.

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For example, consider a talk with a climate
change denier.

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He might say false things like there is a
controversy in science regarding climate change,

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that the reports given by the mass media are
false.

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Instead of walking away from such a conversation,
you might prove yourself to be an educated

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person and stay in the conversation trying
to learn something, to see the issue from

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a different angle.

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You might reject 99 percent of what he is
saying, but you can try as an exercise to

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find the 1 percent which is true.

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You know there is no controversy as 97 percent
of scientists are confident that climate change

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is real.

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But how about the 3 percent?

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How can you prove they are wrong?

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If you are an educated person, you would start
studying about the problem right away and

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you would find that, although it is true that
climate is cyclical, with long periods of

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ice ages and long periods of warmth, you can
also plot the history of temperatures and

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you will see the great change happening over
the last 200 years which hasn't been the case

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throughout the entire history of Earth’s
evolution so far.

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Those scientists are therefore wrong and it
can be proven by a simple plot on a graph.

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By listening to a climate change denier, you
learn something, that climate is cyclical.

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And, at the same time, this didn’t affect
your opinion on climate change at all.

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Not agreeing with somebody, but still being
part of the conversation, might teach you

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new things, thus additionally proving that
you are an educated person.

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Have the right friends
In the words of Aristotle: “A friend to

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all is a friend to none.”

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There is an old saying that people with too
many friends have no real friends at all,

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and Aristotle’s teaching reflects this saying.

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For Aristotle, friendship is an important
part of life and he identified three types:

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friendships based on utility that is based
on mutual help, like helping somebody getting

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a job and the other person helping you to
get a great deal on buying a car, then there

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is friendship that is based on pleasure like
going hiking together or to parties and, then

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finally, then there is true friendship that
is based on virtue.

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The first two are superficial and they do
not last long.

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The third one is based on common values and
principles and lasts a long time or even a

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lifetime.

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Having too many friends means that you only
focus on the first two types, you like to

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have fun and achieve professional and financial
success in life and that is why you focus

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on these two types of friends who help you
in this.

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If you focus your life on wisdom and virtue,
you would not have so much time for the first

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two types of friends, you would have more
time for making strong connections with a

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few, select people - Meaningful friendships
require time and effort.

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Aristotle teaches us to invest less time in
having fun and in climbing the ladder of financial

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success and instead, we should invest more
time in true knowledge and true friendships.

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We should find those people who share our
values and principles in life.

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You can start by making a list with everything
you really value, it can include anything,

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from having a safe and healthy family, to
a clean environment, peace, democracy, and

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believing in equal rights for everybody.

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Therefore, you would not be able to make a
deep connection with somebody who throws garbage

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on the grass, who does not recycle things,
or who often expresses racist or sexist points

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of view.

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It will take time to find the right friends,
but it is worth it as these kinds of friendships

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based on virtue can last a lifetime.

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Put truth before everything else
According to Aristotle: “Plato is dear to

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me, but dearer still is truth.”

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Aristotle had a close friendship with Plato
and Plato brought out the greatness in Aristotle.

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However, Aristotle didn’t let this friendship
blind him and, following Plato’s steps,

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he put more importance on truth than on anything
else.

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Although Aristotle had an enormous respect
and admiration for Plato, his philosophy departed

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from him in three important aspects: regarding
the Theory of Forms, regarding ethics and

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regarding politics.

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Regarding the theory of forms, for example,
in the case of the concept of “beautiful”,

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Plato would be interested in defining “beauty”
while Aristotle would be more interested in

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analyzing the beautiful things that exist
in this world.

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With regards to ethics Plato believed that
knowing what is the right thing to do will

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lead you to do the right thing while Aristotle
believed this is not enough, to become virtuous

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takes a great amount of effort, it is not
automatic through knowledge.

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And with regards to politics Plato believed
that philosophers should be the rulers of

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society, while Aristotle defined human beings
as “political animals” and “polity”

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is the best way to organize a society, meaning
that society should be ruled by the interest

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of the majority.

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Overall, if Plato was concentrated in theoretical
studies, Aristotle put more emphasis on experiment,

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on the real world and, and in analyzing this
world, he used an empirical approach, based

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more on experiments and logical reasoning.

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Aristotle’s method for logical reasoning
is an inspiration even today.

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We all need to learn the right ways of using
logical reasoning no matter the field we are

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working in and we should not compromise our
capacity of reasoning for anything, not even

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for making a friend happy by agreeing with
their false logic.

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For example, if you are the co-founder of
a small company and the main founder, who

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is also your friend tells you about their
strategy to buy another small company and

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you both know that company has serious financial
problems and debts, you should inform your

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friend that you disagree with their decisions,
you should enumerate all the reasons for that,

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enumerate all the negative consequences that
can happen and even resign if your friend

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still does not listen to you.

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Truth is much more important than agreeing
with somebody else, no matter how close you

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are to each other.

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Maximize your potential through constant learning
In our final quote from Aristotle for this

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video, he says: “Happiness is not god-sent
but comes as a result of virtue and some process

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of learning or training.”

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Aristotle emphasized the importance of education
and of acquiring knowledge, stating that every

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thing or being on this planet has its unique
characteristics, its unique role in this world.

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The highest good of everything is achieved
when it can fulfill its role: for example,

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the purpose of a knife is to cut, the purpose
of the sun is to shine and so on.

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In the case of humans, the purpose is not
evident, but Aristotle came up with the concept

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of eudaimonia, which means living well and
Aristotle believed this is the purpose of

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human beings.

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Eudaimonia is not the same as happiness, but
this is often how the term is translated in

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English.

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Eudaimonia does not mean a pleasant physical
state or a pleasant state of mind, it means

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fulfilling your true potential, becoming the
best version of yourself, maximizing your

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talents and your capacity to reason.

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In order to do so, it is important to know
yourself and what your talents are, to plan

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your life accordingly to make the most of
them.

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It is also important to understand that only
when you work on something you feel joyful

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about, are you capable of giving your best,
to go that extra mile in order to provide

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top-quality work.

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For example, if you’re pretty intelligent
and you enjoy learning chemistry and biology,

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you might decide to become a medical doctor
in order to reach eudaimonia, however you

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still need to spend years studying and training
to get there.

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Anything worth accomplishing requires intense
effort and learning new skills.

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Once you decide on your career path, you need
to learn day by day in order to maximize your

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potential and achieve worthy and noble goals.

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Also, learning should not be done only for
your professional life, but also to satisfy

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your curiosity in different domains.

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Each of us can try to learn new things every
day, be it at work or from newspapers, from

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YouTube, from reading books, from online courses,
from documentaries on TV and so on.

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00:20:01,130 --> 00:20:07,250
There is plenty to learn and we can prioritize
learning according to our interests and curiosity.

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We all need to make the best of our talents
and use our capacity to learn and think as

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much as possible in order to reach the greatest
good, eudaimonia or true happiness in life.

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As we mentioned at the beginning this video
is brought to you by Morning Brew.

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