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We will talk about Wondrium at the end of
the video but for now let's get on with 5

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ways to overcome our fears from the philosophy
of Epictetus.

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Epictetus is one of the greatest stoic philosophers
of all time and his journey to becoming a

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master in stoicism is exceptional.

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Born in 50 AD, Epictetus was born into slavery
and was serving a wealthy master, Epaphroditus,

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who served as a secretary to Nero, the Roman
Emperor at that time.

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Epictetus had the unusual privilege of being
given the right to study philosophy by his

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master - a right he took maximum advantage
of.

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Epictetus devoured Stoicism quickly, and what
stuck with him was how practical Stoicism

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is, and how it can truly help people alleviate
their pain.

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According to the stoics, everything around
us operates through a web of cause and effect

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resulting in the rational structure of the
universe which they called “LOGOS”.

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And while we may not have control over the
events that affect us, we do have control

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over how we approach things.

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This was something Epictetus had the chance
to study under one of the most influential

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stoic philosophers, Musonius Rufus.

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From there, Epictetus dug deep into it, and
when given his freedom, he pushed his learning

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until he became a teacher himself.

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Epictetus left us two main books, his most
famous book “Discourses”, and the “Handbook”,

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two books that served as a north star for
many stoics who came after him, especially

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the great Marcus Aurelius.

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Fear, according to Epictetus, is at the root
of all our pain.

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Although there are rational fears, most of
the ones that make us anxious are irrational,

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and thus one has to clarify one’s fears,
and get rid of the ones that don’t make

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any sense.

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Most of our fears, according to the Stoics,
come from a deep attachment to external things,

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and that is something that is not coherent
with Stoicism.

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A stoic should be detached from anything that
does not fall under their control, which is

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why in today’s video we’re going to share
5 life teachings from Epictetus on how to

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overcome fear.

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1- Make Sense of Fear

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Epictetus says “Philosophy’s main task
is to respond to the soul’s cry; to make

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sense of and thereby free ourselves from the
hold of our griefs and fears”.

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When Epictetus became a teacher himself, he
emphasized rationalizing our fears, meaning

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that if we analyze each one of our fears,
we’ll see that there’s no real basis to

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many of them, and the only reason we have
them is that there's a bigger fear - the fear

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of social disgrace.

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What he means by this is that when we fear
losing our jobs, for example, it is not just

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because we’ll become jobless that we’re
afraid, but because of how the people around

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us will see that, potentially labeling us
as failures.

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He also teaches us that many of our fears
that we think are related to necessities are

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in fact just desires, like the businessman
who thinks he can’t live without a driver,

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and the families that think they can’t live
without a nanny.

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And so, he directs us to discern between what’s
really a necessity, and what is not, and for

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those that are not, we should not fear them,
nor get attached to them emotionally.

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Epictetus urges us to look deeply into our
fear as a first step to getting rid of irrational

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ones.

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Nowadays, the world is in no shortage of irrational
fears.

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Our world is marked by excessive possessions
and consumerism and this desire to accumulate

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as many possessions as possible ends up developing
so many fears and anxieties in us, one could

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be forgiven for thinking that every single
thing we desire is essential to our very existence.

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For example – the fear of not owning a car
– this particular fear would create unbearable

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anxiety in many people, many of whom will
feel that a car is vital and their survival

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depends on it.

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Although a car makes life much easier, at
the end of the day, it’s just one transportation

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vehicle, and there are many out there that
we can utilize without having the need to

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possess them, like public transport or a taxi.

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Ofcourse, we do have rational fears, but those
never change throughout our history.

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For example, the fear of not having access
to clean water, food to eat, or being in a

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dangerous and fatal situation.

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These are fears that even our great ancestors
had.

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Therefore, we should reconsider what we fear
today, and filter the fears that are rational

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from the ones we only think are rational,
but are not so in reality.

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One of the ways Epictetus urges people to
overcome fears is by studying philosophy.

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In Epictetus’s case, philosophy is what
made him reach such a high awareness of our

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fears and how to deal with them.

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Philosophy is a remedy to see life as it truly
is.

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It empowers our minds.

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We become more prepared to discern between
the things that deserve our thinking, and

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things we should let go of.

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We become more aware of our fears and whether
they’re rational or irrational.

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One can also seek to make sense of one’s
fears by experimenting with those fears, like

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those who climb mountains specifically because
they fear heights.

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Just make sure you analyze them well, and
see them for what they truly are from an objective

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lens.

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Always, remember, if fear was an ocean, then
you’re a human being who can get out of

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the ocean, not a fish who swims endlessly
in it.

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2- Embrace life trials
According to Epictetus “We must be afraid

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of neither poverty nor exile nor imprisonment,
of fear itself only should we fear”.

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Epictetus’s teachings urge people to focus
only on what’s in their control, and not

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give any external events any emotional attachment.

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For, we have no power over those events, and
they happen regardless of what we want or

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do not want.

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This principle of only focusing on what you
can control is a cornerstone of stoic philosophy

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and this dichotomy of control is particularly
true for fears.

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Most of the things that we fear today are
completely out of our control.

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In Epictetus’ case, the emperor Domitian
was irritated by the stoics, and thus, he

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exiled Epictetus and many other philosophers
from Rome.

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However, since the ban decision was out of
his control, he accepted it, went to another

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city, and proceeded with his teachings, perhaps
with more belief in them.

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Life is full of surprises.

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So much so that that’s a common expression
today, but the problem with surprises is that

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they can be bad as well as good and we can’t
prepare for them otherwise they wouldn’t

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be surprises.

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So what can we do?

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Should we live in fear?

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In a constant state of anxiety?

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That cannot be the answer.

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We should empower ourselves to embrace or
at least accept the things we wished hadn’t

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happened.

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If we can do that, it can trigger greatness
within us.

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In Stoic philosophy, we call this “Amor
Fati”, which means “Love of Fate”.

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Amor Fati means accepting one’s life entirely,
with its good and bad, fortunate and unfortunate

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events, and embracing it all.

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For example, let’s say you’ve been working
on a project that you think has a lot of potential

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but once you get your project out there, it
doesn’t get the reception you were hoping

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for.

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Although you tried so hard to overcome the
difficulties, you came to the conclusion that

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sadly, that idea is not the right one.

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You’ve put your blood, sweat and tears into
this.

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You’ve reached out to people to invest in
you, but you did not get the returns you expected.

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Although it’s been a great learning experience
and you are happy with many aspects of your

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projects, the final reception is not something
you have control over.

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You did everything you could, and it didn’t
work, so why would you consider yourself a

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failure?

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Many great entrepreneurs failed more than
they succeeded, and they kept going.

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Because that is the human spirit, that is
love of fate.

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When dealing with unfortunate events that
do not fall under our control, one should

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either meet it with indifference, or use it
to one’s own advantage and act accordingly

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and only then can we find ourselves reaching
greatness.

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3- Believe in your ability to do wonders

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Epictetus teaches us that “Unremarkable
lives are marked by the fear of not looking

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capable when trying something new”.

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Being born into slavery, the chance that Epictetus
would be remembered as one of the greatest

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philosophers of all time was vanishingly slim.

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It was his master who gave him the chance
to study philosophy, but who would have thought

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that Epictetus would become one of the masters
of that very philosophy.

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Sure, Epictetus’ motivation was not to be
the greatest, but he definitely believed in

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his ability to deliver value and pursue knowledge,
even if he was just a slave among sons of

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wealth and families of knowledge.

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Epictetus went against the odds.

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And with all the unparalleled hardships he
faced, he became the greatest Stoic teacher

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in the Roman Empire, giving us an example
to always believe in ourselves.

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If life had an unspoken synonym, it would
be trials and a wonderfully simple-but-accurate

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representation of this would be in the classic
video game, Super Mario Bros.

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The scrappy plumber does his absolute best
to defy the odds and save the princess, having

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to overcome many trials to reach his goal.

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But no matter how hard the game gets, he keeps
going at it fearlessly or literally dies trying.

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Although we may not face the same fatal challenges
as poor Mario, we certainly face many problems

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that take a lot from us and thus create this
illusion that reaching our final destiny is

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nearly impossible.

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And so we fear to take difficult steps, be
it in your professional life after a failure

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or in moving on after a break up because you
do not want to lose what you think is left

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of you and fear what you see in front of you.

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However, with our limited time on earth, shouldn’t
we make something out of it?

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Indeed, we will all face tough challenges
many times throughout our lives, but isn’t

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that just part of the bittersweet beauty of
what makes life, life?

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Imagine yourself starting a podcast, for example,
and you bring on many diverse speakers, you

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try with different formats, different topics,
you do everything well, from the marketing

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side, to the production, but no matter what
you try it just refuses to take off.

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But one day, with one guest you didn’t even
realize was special, it blows up, and your

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podcast starts trending, reaching the top
of the charts in your country.

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Who would have thought?

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But was it a surprise for you?

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Not exactly....

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It was pure dedication and unshakeable belief.

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Although the previous episodes didn’t get
the right initial reception and were judged

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as failures, you believed in what you had
to offer, and eventually, your efforts were

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rewarded.

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Therefore, we should dare to take risks, and
to fail.

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Dare to overcome the hardships that life might
throw at you.

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ALWAYS remember, greatness is only unlocked
when we get tested, if not, our greatness

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would always be in question.

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4.

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Don’t fear other people’s judgment

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In the words of Epictetus “If you are tempted
to look for outside approval, realize that

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you have compromised your own integrity.

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If you need a witness, be your own”.

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Epictetus’ Era was one where there was a
group of people called the sophists, who go

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way back in time to Ancient Greece, but maintained
their presence throughout the ages.

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The sophists were those intellectuals who
knew how to go about things, debate, and were

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masters of rhetoric.

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But a sophist was also one who searched for
approval and if he gets into a debate, it

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is not to seek new knowledge, but to show
people how well-spoken and learned he is.

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The difference between a sophist and a stoic
intellectual is that a sophist does it for

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the other to applaud him, and a stoic does
it for his own self, not worrying about others.

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And that is exactly what Epictetus wants from
us.

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Being driven by others’ approval only compromises
us as human beings.

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As a matter of fact, when you are this obsessed,
you’ll fear exploring new things and new

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horizons to grow as a person, for the only
reason that it might hurt your reputation.

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In our lifetime, whatever direction we’re
going to take, we’ll find those who’ll

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build us up, and those who’ll tear us down.

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However, there’s one way that might help
us avoid this, and that is by remaining static,

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not taking any direction, staying in place,
never moving forward.

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But what good really comes from this?

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In this situation, what’s the difference
between us, and a mere rock?

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Yes, we will continue to exist, but it’s
the journey that makes us special as human

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beings - it is what makes us grow and flourish
intellectually and even physically.

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Other people’s criticism or opinions about
us aren’t in our control and since they’re

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not in our control, one shouldn’t place
too much importance on them.

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Instead what is in your control is acceptance.

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We should accept that with every action we
take, we’ll be judged, maybe even laughed

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at, and that’s ok, if that’s the price
one has to pay to reach one’s goals.

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You should not fear taking actions that are
not coherent with what others do and instead

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explore the things that you want, the knowledge
that gets you going, and horizons that you

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want to travel beyond.

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5.

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Get rid of the fear of death
In our final quote from Epictetus for this

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video, he says "I cannot escape death, but
at least I can escape the fear of it".

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Epictetus was not only a slave at first, but
also debilitatingly unwell.

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And thus, he had to learn to accept death
and embrace it as if it was lurking around

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every corner, because while we may ignore
it, death lurks nearby for all of us, on a

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daily basis.

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However, for Epictetus, all those who try
to escape death by not thinking about it,

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are only fueling the fear of it.

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If you really want to get rid of any fear,
you should look at it as if it’s standing

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right in front of you, and face it head-on.

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This is just as true for fear of death as
fear of anything else.

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For Epictetus, everything happens in our mind,
and if we could only direct it to see things

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differently, it would be free from many concerns.

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According to Epictetus, the key to getting
rid of the fear of death is changing our perception

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of it.

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It is very common to see people changing the
topic whenever death is brought up in a discussion.

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However, Epictetus urges us to change our
perception and start thinking about death

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frequently, even on a daily basis.

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Entertaining this idea of death in our mind
turns it into a normal event and thus, it

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alleviates the pressure related to its uncertainty
factor, and it is fair to say that this uncertainty

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is what makes us anxious.

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But it is essential to discuss death as you
would any other topic and not only reserve

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it for moments of grief and sadness.

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How we talk about it has consequences on how
we perceive it.

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For example, stoics perceive death as a reminder
that our life is short and we should make

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the most out of it, living every single moment
of it as if it’s the last.

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There’s a particular concept that talks
about this, known as Memento Mori, which means

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remember that you have to die.

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And for the stoics, the best thing you could
do to enjoy your life is to remember death.

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Every morning when you wake up, ask yourself
- If today was my last day, what would I be

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doing?

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This daily visualization about your death
can impact your actions significantly.

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You will start to look forward to maximizing
and making every single hour, minute, second

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count.

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And that’s the power of remembering death,
that’s the wisdom behind Memento Mori.

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It is the freedom from fear of death that
lets us explore our intellectual potential

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and thrive.

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And this freedom starts with just a mere change
of perception.

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Fearing death will only prevent us from living,
sleeping, and becoming who we could become.

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Fearing death will only stop us from thriving,
growing, and enjoying the journey of life.

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00:18:53,270 --> 00:18:58,670
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