8. Lloyd examines the "twinned" battles of Verdun and the Somme in 1916. He contrasts Falkenhayn’s ruthless attritional goals with Haig’s optimistic breakthrough attempts. The source concludes with the failure of Nivelle’s 1917 offensive, which pushed

8. Lloyd examines the "twinned" battles of Verdun and the Somme in 1916. He contrasts Falkenhayn’s ruthless attritional goals with Haig’s optimistic breakthrough attempts. The source concludes with the failure of Nivelle’s 1917 offensive, which pushed the French army toward mutiny before Americanintervention changed the war's momentum. (8)

1945 BERLIN