S8 Ep845: PREVIEW for Later Today: Corporate Leaders Report Robust Consumer Spending. Guest: Gene Marks. CEOs from major companies like Amazon report a 15% retail increase, signaling strong consumer confidence. Marks notes that while surveys vary, actual spending d
PREVIEW for Later Today: Corporate Leaders Report Robust Consumer Spending. Guest: Gene Marks. CEOs from major companies like Amazon report a 15% retail increase, signaling strong consumer confidence. Marks notes that while surveys vary, actual spending data from big-box retailers remains the primary economic indicator. 1910 FIFTH AVENUE
2m May 08
2m
S8 Ep845: PREVIEW for Later Today: The Strategy of Electoral Delays. Guest: Evan Ellis. Negotiations regarding election dates involve complex demands for voter role purges and machine replacements. Ellis examines how slow-walking these reforms serves specific polit
PREVIEW for Later Today: The Strategy of Electoral Delays. Guest: Evan Ellis. Negotiations regarding election dates involve complex demands for voter role purges and machine replacements. Ellis examines how slow-walking these reforms serves specific political interests while complicating international policy goals. 1940 VENEZUELA
1m May 08
1m
S8 Ep845: PREVIEW for Later Today: Spencer Pratt Shocks in Los Angeles Mayoral Debate. Guest: Jeff Bliss. Actor Spencer Pratt achieved a surprise 83% win in a post-debate poll against established politicians like Karen Bass. Bliss highlights Pratt's authentic perfo
PREVIEW for Later Today: Spencer Pratt Shocks in Los Angeles Mayoral Debate. Guest: Jeff Bliss. Actor Spencer Pratt achieved a surprise 83% win in a post-debate poll against established politicians like Karen Bass. Bliss highlights Pratt's authentic performance compared to his opponents' perceived lack of transparency. 1900 LA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
2m May 08
2m
S8 Ep844: SCHEDULE OF THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 5-7-2026. 1945 BERLIN
SCHEDULE OF THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 5-7-2026. 1945 BERLIN. Ian Buruma discusses his book Stay Alive, focusing on his father Leo's 1943 decision to enter mandatory labor in a Berlin factory to protect his parents from Nazi retaliation. The narrative explores Berlin's transition from a striving capital into a city facing bombings, malnutrition, and lice. (1/16) Ian Buruma describes Joseph Goeb...
11m May 08
11m
S8 Ep844: STREAMING MAKING OF JBS, FEATURING JIM MCTAGUE AND ANATOL LIEVEN, 5-7-2026. 1948? BERLIN
STREAMING MAKING OF JBS, FEATURING JIM MCTAGUE AND ANATOL LIEVEN, 5-7-2026. 1948? BERLIN This transcript features a wide-ranging conversation between host John Bachelor and journalist Jim McTag regarding the evolution of storytelling and technology. The dialogue begins with a critique of metafiction and the shift in the publishing industry toward digital distribution and family sagas. A signif...
44m May 08
44m
S8 Ep843: Ken Croswell details the discovery of the "Hercules stream," stars resonating with the galaxy's central bar. He notes that as the bar's rotation slows, there is a 20% chance Earth's solar system will join this "exclusive club" of Trojan stars in two bil
Ken Croswell details the discovery of the "Hercules stream," stars resonating with the galaxy's central bar. He notes that as the bar's rotation slows, there is a 20% chance Earth's solar system will join this "exclusive club" of Trojan stars in two billion years, changing our galactic position. (16/16) 1940S BERLIN
9m May 08
9m
S8 Ep843: Ken Croswell describes the Milky Way's structure as a barred spiral galaxy. He explains that the central bar exerts massive gravitational force. This gravity has trapped billions of "Trojan stars" into two vast whirlpools, similar to how Jupiter's gravity
Ken Croswell describes the Milky Way's structure as a barred spiral galaxy. He explains that the central bar exerts massive gravitational force. This gravity has trapped billions of "Trojan stars" into two vast whirlpools, similar to how Jupiter's gravity captures Trojan asteroids in its orbit. (15/16) 1943 RIBBENTROP  AND HIMMLER IN BERLIN
10m May 08
10m
S8 Ep843: Jim McTague examines the AI boom, noting the high valuation of DeepSeek and its use of black-market chips. He discusses a lawsuit against Character AI for unlicensed medical advice and the economic impact of data centers, which provide local tax revenue b
Jim McTague examines the AI boom, noting the high valuation of DeepSeek and its use of black-market chips. He discusses a lawsuit against Character AI for unlicensed medical advice and the economic impact of data centers, which provide local tax revenue but consume significant real estate. (14/16) 1940 RIBBENTROP
9m May 08
9m
S8 Ep843: Veronique de Rugy critiques government-matched savings plans like the "Trump IRA." She argues these technocratic fixes add to the national debt without addressing core tax code flaws. She highlights how high penalties for early withdrawals and payroll tax
Veronique de Rugy critiques government-matched savings plans like the "Trump IRA." She argues these technocratic fixes add to the national debt without addressing core tax code flaws. She highlights how high penalties for early withdrawals and payroll taxes effectively discourage lower-income workers from saving for the future. (13/16) 1935 NUREMBERG
8m May 08
8m
S8 Ep843: Rick Fisher explores the militarization of the Moon, citing Chinese interest in lunar radar and "moon hoppers" for resource discovery. He describes a technological competition with the U.S. involving nuclear power plants, lasers, and satellite constellati
Rick Fisher explores the militarization of the Moon, citing Chinese interest in lunar radar and "moon hoppers" for resource discovery. He describes a technological competition with the U.S. involving nuclear power plants, lasers, and satellite constellations intended for both peaceful research and potential offensive or defensive combat. (12/16) 1945 TRUMAN ON WILHELMSTRASSE TOUR BERLIN
8m May 08
8m
S8 Ep843: Rick Fisher reveals China's plans to double the size of the Tiangong space station by 2030. He warns of its military dual-use potential, suggesting the station and Shuntan telescope could serve as orbital "battle stations" for surveillance or strikes, pro
Rick Fisher reveals China's plans to double the size of the Tiangong space station by 2030. He warns of its military dual-use potential, suggesting the station and Shuntan telescope could serve as orbital "battle stations" for surveillance or strikes, providing China with a significant new strategic deterrent. (11/16) 1938 HITLERJUGEND
12m May 08
12m
S8 Ep843: Anatol Lieven analyzes reports of Vladimir Putin operating from bunkers to avoid precision strikes. He discusses Ukraine's emergence as a "drone war startup" and the resulting economic strain. Lieven notes that while the frontline remains frozen, Russian
Anatol Lieven analyzes reports of Vladimir Putin operating from bunkers to avoid precision strikes. He discusses Ukraine's emergence as a "drone war startup" and the resulting economic strain. Lieven notes that while the frontline remains frozen, Russian public support for the conflict is beginning to crumble. (10/16) 1938 HITLERJUGEND
8m May 08
8m
S8 Ep843: Anatol Lieven analyzes China's diplomatic strategy, noting Beijing's desire for a Trump-Xi summit despite Middle Eastern conflicts. China aims to manage trade tariffs and stabilize Taiwan relations, believing that U.S. involvement in external wars may ult
Anatol Lieven analyzes China's diplomatic strategy, noting Beijing's desire for a Trump-Xi summit despite Middle Eastern conflicts. China aims to manage trade tariffs and stabilize Taiwan relations, believing that U.S. involvement in external wars may ultimately weaken American alliances in Asia and strengthen China's regional standing. (9/16) 1942
9m May 08
9m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma details the Soviet occupation of Berlin, characterized by mass looting and rape. He tracks the fates of his book's protagonists: his father Leo narrowly escaped execution by a Russian soldier, while resistance leader Borchardt was tragically ki
Ian Buruma details the Soviet occupation of Berlin, characterized by mass looting and rape. He tracks the fates of his book's protagonists: his father Leo narrowly escaped execution by a Russian soldier, while resistance leader Borchardtwas tragically killed by a stray shot after liberation. (8/16) 1939
8m May 08
8m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma recounts the final months of the war, dominated by Goebbels' "death cult" propaganda and the film Colberg. He describes the trial of resistor von Moltke, who stood up to the sadistic judge Roland Freisler, and the eventual bombing of the court
Ian Buruma recounts the final months of the war, dominated by Goebbels' "death cult" propaganda and the film Colberg. He describes the trial of resistor von Moltke, who stood up to the sadistic judge Roland Freisler, and the eventual bombing of the court that killed the judge. (7/16) 1940 BERLIN
12m May 08
12m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma discusses the moral dilemmas of survival, focusing on Stella Kübler, who betrayed other Jews to save her parents from Auschwitz. He asserts that information about the Holocaust was widely available via the BBC and soldiers' letters, meaning tha
Ian Buruma discusses the moral dilemmas of survival, focusing on Stella Kübler, who betrayed other Jews to save her parents from Auschwitz. He asserts that information about the Holocaust was widely available via the BBC and soldiers' letters, meaning that for many Berliners, ignorance was a choice. (6/16) 1945
6m May 08
6m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma examines the failure of strategic bombing to break civilian morale, which instead fostered solidarity. He recounts his father's letters from a Berlin labor barracks, describing the harsh conditions of malnutrition and vermin. He also highlights
Ian Buruma examines the failure of strategic bombing to break civilian morale, which instead fostered solidarity. He recounts his father's letters from a Berlin labor barracks, describing the harsh conditions of malnutrition and vermin. He also highlights diaries showing how individuals navigated the criminal regime. (5/16) 1940 MOLOTOV AND HITLER BERLIN.
12m May 08
12m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma details the "U-boats," young Jews living clandestine lives in Berlin without legal papers. He describes the city's descent into lawlessness following the defeat at Stalingrad. Survival became transactional, relying on the goodwill or opportunis
Ian Buruma details the "U-boats," young Jews living clandestine lives in Berlin without legal papers. He describes the city's descent into lawlessness following the defeat at Stalingrad. Survival became transactional, relying on the goodwill or opportunism of strangers in a society where Hitler was the law. (4/16) 1945 BERLIN
7m May 08
7m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma defines the wartime greeting "Stay Alive" and profiles resistors like von Moltke. He discusses jazz guitarist Coco Schumann, who survived Auschwitz by playing in a band while others were executed. The segment also covers the Wannsee Conference,
Ian Buruma defines the wartime greeting "Stay Alive" and profiles resistors like von Moltke. He discusses jazz guitarist Coco Schumann, who survived Auschwitz by playing in a band while others were executed. The segment also covers the Wannsee Conference, where the "final solution" was organized. (3/16) 1940 BERLIN
12m May 08
12m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma describes Joseph Goebbels as a master propagandist who used entertainment to distract Berliners from wartime horrors. He explains "unpolitical" as a psychological justification for ignoring Nazi atrocities. The segment also details the complex
Ian Buruma describes Joseph Goebbels as a master propagandist who used entertainment to distract Berliners from wartime horrors. He explains "unpolitical" as a psychological justification for ignoring Nazi atrocities. The segment also details the complex Nuremberg racial laws used to systematically categorize and persecute Jewish populations. (2/16) 1910 BERLIN
8m May 08
8m
S8 Ep843: Ian Buruma discusses his book Stay Alive, focusing on his father Leo's 1943 decision to enter mandatory labor in a Berlin factory to protect his parents from Nazi retaliation. The narrative explores Berlin's transition from a striving capital into a city
Ian Buruma discusses his book Stay Alive, focusing on his father Leo's 1943 decision to enter mandatory labor in a Berlin factory to protect his parents from Nazi retaliation. The narrative explores Berlin's transition from a striving capital into a city facing bombings, malnutrition, and lice. (1/16) 1944 BERLIN
10m May 08
10m
S8 Ep842: PREVIEW for Later Today: Ian Buruma explores the rare acts of resistance in Nazi Berlin. He details how Allied bombings and the Stalingrad defeat shifted propaganda from triumphalism to a grim rhetoric of national sacrifice and necessary perseverance.
PREVIEW for Later Today: Ian Buruma explores the rare acts of resistance in Nazi Berlin. He details how Allied bombings and the Stalingrad defeat shifted propaganda from triumphalism to a grim rhetoric of national sacrifice and necessary perseverance. 1913 REICHSTAG
3m May 07
3m
S8 Ep842: PREVIEW for Later Today: Ian Buruma details the harrowing survival of Jews in wartime Berlin. He recounts a tragic moral dilemma involving a Jewish woman who became a Gestapo informer to save her parents from almost certain death.
PREVIEW for Later Today: Ian Buruma details the harrowing survival of Jews in wartime Berlin. He recounts a tragic moral dilemma involving a Jewish woman who became a Gestapo informer to save her parents from almost certain death. 1938 BERLIN
2m May 07
2m
S8 Ep841: PREVIEW for Later Today: Dr. Ken Croswell discusses the discovery of Trojan stars within the Milky Way. These stars parallel Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, maintained in equilibrium by gravity and centrifugal forces over immense distances across the barred g
PREVIEW for Later Today: Dr. Ken Croswell discusses the discovery of Trojan stars within the Milky Way. These stars parallel Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, maintained in equilibrium by gravity and centrifugal forces over immense distances across the barred galaxy.
4m May 07
4m
S8 Ep841: PREVIEW for Later Today: Rick Fisher examines China's moon hopper project, a dual-use device for the Chang'e-7 mission. While ostensibly searching for water ice, the unmanned vehicle represents a potential shift toward surveillance and artillery capabilit
PREVIEW for Later Today: Rick Fisher examines China's moon hopper project, a dual-use device for the Chang'e-7mission. While ostensibly searching for water ice, the unmanned vehicle represents a potential shift toward surveillance and artillery capabilities in space.
2m May 07
2m
S8 Ep841: PREVIEW for Later Today: Anatol Lieven explores Chinese perspectives on a potential Trump visit and regional conflicts. China anticipates that economic strain from the Iran war may ultimately weaken American alliances in Asia, facilitating future Chinese
PREVIEW for Later Today: Anatol Lieven explores Chinese perspectives on a potential Trump visit and regional conflicts. China anticipates that economic strain from the Iran war may ultimately weaken American alliances in Asia, facilitating future Chinese regional leadership.
1m May 07
1m
S8 Ep841: PREVIEW for Later Today: Jim McTague discusses the trend of converting golf courses into AI data centers. Because these sites often provide necessary water and electricity, they have become highly valuable targets in a competitive nationwide land rush.
PREVIEW for Later Today: Jim McTague discusses the trend of converting golf courses into AI data centers. Because these sites often provide necessary water and electricity, they have become highly valuable targets in a competitive nationwide land rush.
1m May 07
1m
S8 Ep840: SCHEDULE THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 5-6-2026. 1903 PERSIAN EMPIRE
SCHEDULE THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 5-6-2026. 1903 PERSIAN EMPIRE 1/16: Mary Kissel discusses Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz as a tactic to divert negotiations from its nuclear program. She also addresses Vladimir Putin's paranoia and Ukraine's drone technology. 2/16: Mary Kissel examines the Maduro regime's refusal to step down in Venezuela. She highlights Cuba's role in propping up r...
5m May 07
5m
S8 Ep839: STREAMING MAKING JBS, FEATURING REBECCA GRANT, CHARLES BURTON, SCOTT HAROLD, GORDON CHANG, 5-6-26.
STREAMING MAKING JBS, FEATURING REBECCA GRANT, CHARLES BURTON, SCOTT HAROLD, GORDON CHANG, 5-6-26. 1720 MAP This transcript captures a discussion from The John Bachelor Show featuring experts Gordon Chang, Rebecca Grant, and Charles Burton regarding global security and geopolitical rivalries. The initial segment highlights the US Navy'scritical role in maintaining stability within the Persian ...
40m May 07
40m
S8 Ep838: 16/16: Bob Zimmerman reports on an unexpectedly weak solar cycle and its link to climate. He also covers China's new space regulations and Russia's recent test flight of a suborbital rocket.
16/16: Bob Zimmerman reports on an unexpectedly weak solar cycle and its link to climate. He also covers China's new space regulations and Russia's recent test flight of a suborbital rocket. 1721
5m May 07
5m
S8 Ep838: 15/16: Bob Zimmerman explores rumors of SpaceX acquiring land in Louisiana to exit California. He also details technical delays for NASA's Artemis program and ongoing "technical issues" with Boeing's Starliner capsule.
15/16: Bob Zimmerman explores rumors of SpaceX acquiring land in Louisiana to exit California. He also details technical delays for NASA's Artemis program and ongoing "technical issues" with Boeing's Starliner capsule. 1705
14m May 07
14m
S8 Ep838: 14/16: Simon Constable analyzes potential Labour Party leaders Andy Burnham and Angela Rayner. He notes that voters still find the Conservative Party untrustworthy despite Labour's internal turmoil and perceived failures.
14/16: Simon Constable analyzes potential Labour Party leaders Andy Burnham and Angela Rayner. He notes that voters still find the Conservative Party untrustworthy despite Labour's internal turmoil and perceived failures. 1705
7m May 07
7m
S8 Ep838: 13/16: Simon Constable reviews surging commodity prices and the threat of famine in North Africa. He also discusses UK local elections, framing them as a protest vote against Keir Starmer's leadership.
13/16: Simon Constable reviews surging commodity prices and the threat of famine in North Africa. He also discusses UK local elections, framing them as a protest vote against Keir Starmer's leadership. 1701
11m May 07
11m
S8 Ep838: 12/16: Michael Toth attributes California's high energy costs to political ideology rather than global events. These "self-inflicted wounds" have caused a middle-class exodus and potential shortages of materials like asphalt.
12/16: Michael Toth attributes California's high energy costs to political ideology rather than global events. These "self-inflicted wounds" have caused a middle-class exodus and potential shortages of materials like asphalt. 1690
11m May 07
11m
S8 Ep838: 11/16: Michael Bernstam predicts a global oil "tipping point" by late May due to the Strait of Hormuz closure. Shortages in refined products like jet fuel and diesel are particularly critical.
11/16: Michael Bernstam predicts a global oil "tipping point" by late May due to the Strait of Hormuz closure. Shortages in refined products like jet fuel and diesel are particularly critical. 1690
9m May 07
9m
S8 Ep838: 10/16: Henry Sokolski warns that Sentinel program delays could lead to a four-fold expansion of the US nuclear arsenal. He also urges honesty regarding Israel's nuclear weapons to allow for public discussion.
10/16: Henry Sokolski warns that Sentinel program delays could lead to a four-fold expansion of the US nuclear arsenal. He also urges honesty regarding Israel's nuclear weapons to allow for public discussion. 1680
8m May 07
8m
S8 Ep838: 9/16: Henry Sokolski critiques potential US concessions allowing Iran to enrich uranium, warning of rapid breakout capabilities. He also flags Turkey's ICBM development as a signal it is pursuing nuclear weapons.
9/16: Henry Sokolski critiques potential US concessions allowing Iran to enrich uranium, warning of rapid breakout capabilities. He also flags Turkey's ICBM development as a signal it is pursuing nuclear weapons. 1662
10m May 07
10m
S8 Ep838: 8/16: Scott Harold discusses Japan's $10 billion lending initiative to counter Chinese influence in Asia. He also explores Japan's efforts to diversify energy sources, including nuclear power and importing American LNG.
8/16: Scott Harold discusses Japan's $10 billion lending initiative to counter Chinese influence in Asia. He also explores Japan's efforts to diversify energy sources, including nuclear power and importing American LNG. 1654
6m May 07
6m
S8 Ep838: 7/16: Scott Harold analyzes Prime Minister Takaichi's "proactive pacifism" and assertive regional security efforts. She must manage domestic concerns over a weakening yen and a declining population while shifting resources to defense.
7/16: Scott Harold analyzes Prime Minister Takaichi's "proactive pacifism" and assertive regional security efforts. She must manage domestic concerns over a weakening yen and a declining population while shifting resources to defense. 1643
13m May 07
13m
S8 Ep838: 6/16: Charles Burton criticizes proposals for AI cooperation with China, calling it a one-way technology transfer. He warns of espionage, citing the demise of Nortel as a warning against sharing high-end technology.
6/16: Charles Burton criticizes proposals for AI cooperation with China, calling it a one-way technology transfer. He warns of espionage, citing the demise of Nortel as a warning against sharing high-end technology. 1623
9m May 07
9m
S8 Ep838: 5/16: Rebecca Grant highlights the US Navy's dominance in clearing the Strait of Hormuz and sinking Iranian fast boats. These operations signal to China that the US controls vital sea lanes.
5/16: Rebecca Grant highlights the US Navy's dominance in clearing the Strait of Hormuz and sinking Iranian fast boats. These operations signal to China that the US controls vital sea lanes. 1606
8m May 07
8m
S8 Ep838: 4/16: John Yoo details organized attempts to intimidate the Supreme Court through leaks and threats. He also explains the President's constitutional authority to unilaterally terminate international treaties like the NATO alliance.
4/16: John Yoo details organized attempts to intimidate the Supreme Court through leaks and threats. He also explains the President's constitutional authority to unilaterally terminate international treaties like the NATO alliance. 15851
5m May 07
5m
S8 Ep838: 3/16: Professor John Yoo argues California's high energy prices result from sacrificing affordability for climate ideology. This approach ignores natural resources like the shale deposits in the middle of the state.
3/16: Professor John Yoo argues California's high energy prices result from sacrificing affordability for climate ideology. This approach ignores natural resources like the shale deposits in the middle of the state. 1574
15m May 07
15m
S8 Ep838: 2/16: Mary Kissel examines the Maduro regime's refusal to step down in Venezuela. She highlights Cuba's role in propping up regional autocrats while hosting Chinese intelligence facilities and maintaining ties with Russia.
2/16: Mary Kissel examines the Maduro regime's refusal to step down in Venezuela. She highlights Cuba's role in propping up regional autocrats while hosting Chinese intelligence facilities and maintaining ties with Russia. 1521
3m May 07
3m
S8 Ep838: 1/16: Mary Kissel discusses Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz as a tactic to divert negotiations from its nuclear program. She also addresses Vladimir Putin's paranoia and Ukraine's drone technology.
1/16: Mary Kissel discusses Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz as a tactic to divert negotiations from its nuclear program. She also addresses Vladimir Putin's paranoia and Ukraine's drone technology. 1850
14m May 07
14m
S8 Ep837: **John Batchelor** introduces economist **Michael Bernstam** to discuss the impact of shifting energy markets on the American economy. While the **United States** possesses sufficient petroleum reserves, the experts clarify that because oil is traded as a
John Batchelor introduces economist Michael Bernstam to discuss the impact of shifting energy markets on the American economy. While the United States possesses sufficient petroleum reserves, the experts clarify that because oil is traded as a global commodity, domestic consumers cannot escape international price hikes. These rising costs at the pump are expected to act as a catalyst for broade...
1m May 06
1m
S8 Ep836: 1/3: Preview for Later Today: Charles Burton examines China's exploitation of Western technology like AI and 5G to expand global power and sustain the Communist Party's control over failing systems.
1/3: Preview for Later Today: Charles Burton examines China's exploitation of Western technology like AI and 5G to expand global power and sustain the Communist Party's control over failing systems.
1m May 06
1m
S8 Ep836: 2/3: Preview for Later Today: Henry Sokolski analyzes Turkey's ICBM announcement as a probable prelude to nuclear proliferation, signaling a shift toward independent nuclear capabilities despite being a NATO member.
2/3: Preview for Later Today: Henry Sokolski analyzes Turkey's ICBM announcement as a probable prelude to nuclear proliferation, signaling a shift toward independent nuclear capabilities despite being a NATO member. 1923
2m May 06
2m
S8 Ep836: 3/3: Preview for Later Today: Bob Zimmerman explores financial hurdles facing Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, including negotiations with NASA regarding contract structures and the potential cancellation of future demonstration flights.
3/3: Preview for Later Today: Bob Zimmerman explores financial hurdles facing Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, including negotiations with NASA regarding contract structures and the potential cancellation of future demonstration flights. FEBRUARY 1930
1m May 06
1m
S8 Ep835: 2/2: Preview for Later Today: Professor John Yoo discusses the organized campaign of physical threats and leaks against the Supreme Court, characterizing these actions as extremely unhealthy for the Constitution.
2/2: Preview for Later Today: Professor John Yoo discusses the organized campaign of physical threats and leaks against the Supreme Court, characterizing these actions as extremely unhealthy for the Constitution. 1905 SCOTUS
1m May 06
1m