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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1811777-precognition-of-ep-87-sartre-on-the-human-condition"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Precognition of Ep. 87: Sartre on the Human Condition
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Mark Linsenmayer lays out some themes from Jean-Paul Sartre’s “Existentialism is a Humanism” and the “Bad Faith” chapter (Part 1, Ch. 2) of Being &amp; Nothingness.#Sartre #Existentialism #Humanism #badfaithGo to the blog: http://www.partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/12/20/precognition87-sartre/
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1782162-john-rawls-on-social-justice-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/6713069/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/6713069/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/6713069/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/6713069/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/6713069/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #dee5d6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/6713069/1400x1400/c" />
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John Rawls&#39; on Social Justice - Partially Examined Life
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On John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice (1971), most of ch. 1-4.

What makes for a just society? Rawls gives us a thought experiment: Imagine you don’t know whether you’re rich or poor or any of the other specifics of your situation (he calls this going behind “the veil of ignorance” into the “original position”). Now what principles would you pick to determine basic social institutions? Would you ...
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1hr 46m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1386444000" data-format="short_date">Dec 07, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1782164-precognition-of-episode-86-kuhn-on-scientific-revolutions-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
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Precognition of Episode 86: Kuhn on Scientific Revolutions - Partially Examined Life
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Dylan Casey lays out Thomas Kuhn’s thesis in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. The full PEL episode on this book will be released in a few weeks. A transcript is available on our Citizen site’s Free Stuff page.#kuhn #science #paradigmGo to the blog: http://www.partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/12/07/precognition-of-ep-86-thomas-kuhn/
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1386442713" data-format="short_date">Dec 07, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1718984-precognition-of-episode-85-john-rawl-s-theory-of-justice-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
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Precognition of Episode 85: John Rawl&#39;s Theory of Justice - Partially Examined Life
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On the evening of 11/10, we’re discussing John Rawls. What is justice? Rawls interpreted this question as asking what basic social rules and structures would result in a society that we’d consider fair. Justice is fairness, on a social level.

Fairness, of course, is an intuitive notion, and begs for a philosophical definition, but instead of doing some sort of old fashioned search for a defini...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1700869-frithjof-bergmann-q-a-on-new-work-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/6253238/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/6253238/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/6253238/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/6253238/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/6253238/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #716b65; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/6253238/1400x1400/c" />
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Frithjof Bergmann Q&amp;A on New Work - Partially Examined Life
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&quot;In light of our ep. 83, many listeners had questions on Frithjof’s social/political/economic proposals for creating a post-job, pro-meaningful-work world.

Mark Linsenmayer here pitches a number of these questions (culled from our blog and Facebook group) to Frithjof. What would a future New Work world look like? How do first-world folks fit into the project? How can I make MY calling economic...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1383342564" data-format="short_date">Nov 01, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1654097-frithjof-bergmann-on-work-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5964052/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5964052/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5964052/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5964052/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5964052/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #fbfafa; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5964052/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
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Frithjof Bergmann on Work - Partially Examined Life
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Talking with Frithjof Bergmann, Prof. Emeritus from U. of Michigan, Ann Arbor about his book New Work, New Culture (2004, English release coming soon).

Frithjof is a world-renowned ex-Hegel/Nietzsche scholar who has worked since the early 80s on projects to realize the goal of “New Work,” which is an alternative to the current, dysfunctional job system. New Work enables people to do work (whic...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1381455135" data-format="short_date">Oct 11, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1620838-popper-on-science-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5799105/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5799105/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5799105/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5799105/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5799105/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #fdfcfa; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5799105/1400x1400/c" />
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Popper on Science - Partially Examined Life
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On Conjectures and Refutations (1963), the first three essays.

What is science, and how is it different than pseudo-science? From philosophy? Is philosophy just pseudo-science, or proto-science, or what? Popper thinks that all legitimate inquiry is about solving real problems, and scientific theories are those that are potentially falsifiable: they make definitely predictions about the world t...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1380061710" data-format="short_date">Sep 24, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1603120-precognition-of-episode-83-frithjof-bergmann-s-new-work-new-culture-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Precognition of Episode 83: Frithjof Bergmann&#39;s New Work, New Culture - Partially Examined Life
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An introduction to and summary of Frithjof Bergmann’s New Work, New Culture, read by Mark Linsenmayer. The full episode on this topic will be posted in a few weeks. #Bergmann #Work #Culture

Go to the blog: http://www.partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/09/15/precognition83-frithjof-bergmann/
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1573311-jung-on-the-psyche-and-dreams-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5533222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5533222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5533222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5533222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5533222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #c69cab; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5533222/1400x1400/c" />
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Jung on the Psyche and Dreams - Partially Examined Life
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On Carl Jung’s “Approaching the Unconscious” from Man and His Symbols, written in 1961.

What’s the structure of the mind? Jung followed Freud in positing an unconscious distinct from the conscious ego, but Jung’s picture has the unconscious much more stuffed full of all sorts of stuff from who knows where, including instincts (the archetypes) that tend to give rise to behavior and dream imager...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1377803995" data-format="short_date">Aug 29, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1570547-precognition-of-episode-82-karl-popper-s-conjectures-and-refutations-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Precognition of Episode 82: Karl Popper&#39;s Conjectures and Refutations - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
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A summary of the first three essays in Karl Popper’s collection Conjectures and Refutations, read by Dylan Casey. The full episode on this topic will be posted in a few weeks.#Popper #Philosophy #Epistemology #Knowledge

Go to the blog: http://www.partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/08/28/precognition82-popper/
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1565054-not-school-digest-aug-2013-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #615351; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/1400x1400/c" />
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Not School Digest Aug 2013 - Partially Examined Life
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&quot;Excerpts of discussions about Frithjof Bergmann’s New Work, New Culture, Cormac McCarthy’s novel Blood Meridian, Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, and Martin Heidegger’s “Letter on Humanism.”

Given rising economic productivity, we should all be working less, but we’re not, and the job system is not healthy for ou...
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44m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1377221984" data-format="short_date">Aug 23, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/6012136-partially-examined-life-not-school-digest-3-work-blood-meridian-mind-and-heidegger"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b1d7e1; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Partially Examined Life Not School Digest #3: Work, Blood Meridian, Mind, and Heidegger
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Excerpts of discussions about Frithjof Bergmann&#39;s New Work, New Culture, Cormac McCarthy&#39;s novel Blood Meridian, Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, and Martin Heidegger&#39;s &quot;Letter on Humanism.&quot;
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44m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1377218738" data-format="short_date">Aug 23, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1537498-precognition-of-episode-81-jung-s-man-and-his-symbols-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Precognition of Episode 81:  Jung&#39;s &quot;Man and His Symbols&quot; - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
An introduction to Carl Jung’s Man and His Symbols, read by Wes Alwan. We’ll have a full episode to be released in a few weeks. Go to the blog: http://www.partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/08/06/precognition81-jung/
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14m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1375808592" data-format="short_date">Aug 06, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/7283883-preview-pel-ep-79-heraclitus-on-understanding-the-world"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/34954271/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/34954271/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/34954271/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/34954271/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/34954271/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b2d8e0; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/34954271/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
PREVIEW-PEL Ep 79: Heraclitus on Understanding the World
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Eva Brann discusses her book The Logos of Heraclitus (2011). What is the world like, and how can we understand it? Heraclitus thinks that the answer to both questions is found in “the logos.”
Looking for the full Citizen version? (https://partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/07/15/ep79-heraclitus-citizen/)
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1373907600" data-format="short_date">Jul 15, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528719-the-logo-of-heraclitus-with-eva-brann-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5394601/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394601/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394601/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394601/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394601/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #838381; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5394601/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
The Logo of Heraclitus (with Eva Brann) - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Eva Brann discusses her book The Logos of Heraclitus (2011).

What is the world like, and how can we understand it? Heraclitus thinks that the answer to both questions is found in “the logos,” which is a Greek word with multiple meanings: it can be an explanation, a word or linguistic meaning, science, rationality (the Latin word is “ratio”), the principle of exchange between things… So the wor...
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1hr 42m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1373864965" data-format="short_date">Jul 15, 2013</span></span>
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1hr 42m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528720-precognition-of-episode-80-heidegger-s-letter-on-humanism-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ea84; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397222/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Precognition of Episode 80: Heidegger&#39;s Letter on Humanism - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
A short summary of Heidegger’s “Essay on Humanism,” which we’ll have a full episode on to be released in a few weeks, read by Seth Paskin.

This is a new kind of mini-episode for us, and you should tell us at partiallyexaminedlife.com whether we should keep recording them. Our hope is that this will encourage more people to want to read the text in advance of our full-length discussions, and th...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1373825630" data-format="short_date">Jul 14, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1481369-aristotle-on-virtue-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5107816/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107816/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107816/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107816/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107816/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #ccccc6; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5107816/1400x1400/c" />
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Aristotle on Virtue - Partially Examined Life
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Discussing books 1 and 2 of the Nicomachean Ethics.

What is virtue, and how can I eat it? Do not enjoy this episode too much, or too little, but just the right amount. Apparently, if you haven’t already have been brought up with the right habits, you may as well give up. Plus, is Michael Jackson the Aristotelian ideal? #ethics #virtue #aristotle
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1hr 41m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1372774585" data-format="short_date">Jul 02, 2013</span></span>
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<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
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1hr 41m
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<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1481270-plato-on-justice-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5107396/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107396/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107396/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107396/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5107396/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #827970; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5107396/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Plato on Justice - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Discussing The Republic by Plato, primarily books 1 and 2.

What is justice? What is the ideal type of government? In the dialogue, Socrates argues that justice is real (not just a fiction the strong make up) and that it’s not relative to who you are (in the sense that it would always be just to help your friends and hurt your enemies). Justice ends up being a matter of balancing your soul so t...
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<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
1hr 36m
</span>
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1372770091" data-format="short_date">Jul 02, 2013</span></span>
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</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
<div class="fs-8 numeric-tabular text-nowrap text-muted phs">
1hr 36m
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</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528723-santayana-on-appreciating-beauty-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397201/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397201/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397201/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397201/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397201/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #353f35; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397201/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Santayana on Appreciating Beauty - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
What are we saying when we call something “beautiful?” Are we pointing out an objective quality that other people (anyone?) can ferret out, or just essentially saying “yay!” without any logic necessarily behind our exclamation? The poet and philosopher Santayana thought that while aesthetic appreciation is an immediate experience–we don’t “infer” the beauty of something by recognizing some natu...
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<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
1hr 47m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1370790846" data-format="short_date">Jun 09, 2013</span></span>
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</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
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1hr 47m
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<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528727-why-do-philosophy-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5394687/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394687/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394687/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394687/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394687/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b1d6df; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5394687/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Why do Philosophy? - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Mark, Seth, Wes, and Dylan share what drove them into philosophy and keeps them there. How is philosophy different than (or similar to) science? Than religion? Art?

The consensus seems that philosophy, to us, is inevitable for the curious. It’s just inquiry, unbounded (in principle at least) by any fixed assumptions. While scientific and religious endeavors can be self-questioning as well, the...
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<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
1hr 14m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1364004798" data-format="short_date">Mar 23, 2013</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
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1hr 14m
</div>
</div>
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</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528728-terrorism-with-jonathan-r-white-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5394705/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394705/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394705/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394705/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394705/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #4e4c48; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5394705/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Terrorism (with Jonathan R. White) - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
We read:

*Donald Black’s “The Geometry of Terrorism” (2004)*J. Angelo Corlett’s “Can Terrorism be Morally Justified?” (1996)*Igor Primoratz’s article on terrorism in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2007, revised 2011)*Karl Heinzen’s Murder and Freedom (1853)*Bhagat Singh’s “The Philosophy of the Bomb: A Brief Response to Gandhi” (1930)*Carl von Clausewitz’s On War (introduction) (1816...
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1hr 46m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1362864396" data-format="short_date">Mar 09, 2013</span></span>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="d-none d-sm-grid" style="justify-self: center; align-items: center;">
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1hr 46m
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</a></div>
<hr class="mvn mhs text-black-50 opacity-25">
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528731-not-school-digest-jan-2013-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #615351; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/1400x1400/c" />
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Not School Digest Jan 2013 - Partially Examined Life
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Excerpts of discussions about Deleuze &amp; Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus, an article on emergence called “More Is Different” by Nobel Prize Winning physicist P.W. Anderson, John Searle’s Mind: A Brief Introduction, and Italo Calvino’s trippy science fantasy novel Cosmicomics.

How does the world fit together, with its different layers of organization, each with its different science? What’s the r...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1358994670" data-format="short_date">Jan 24, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/6012137-partially-examined-life-not-school-digest-jan-2013"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #b1d7e1; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/28752810/1400x1400/c" />
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Partially Examined Life Not School Digest Jan 2013
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<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Excerpts of discussions about Deleuze &amp; Guattari&#39;s A Thousand Plateaus,  an article on emergence called &quot;More Is Different&quot; by Nobel Prize Winning physicist P.W. Anderson, John Searle&#39;s Mind: A Brief Introduction, and Italo Calvino&#39;s trippy science fantasy novel Cosmicomics.
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1358984820" data-format="short_date">Jan 23, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528733-pel-players-audiobook-of-plato-s-gorgias-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397258/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397258/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397258/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397258/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397258/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5a5a5a; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397258/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
PEL Players Audiobook of Plato&#39;s Gorgias - Partially Examined Life
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Three podcasters and two listeners join to read Plato’s fabulous dialogue, which is discussed in PEL Episode 69. Listening to this will be MIGHTY good preparation for listening to that discussion.

We are freely sharing the first half of this unabridged work of profound genius, in which Socrates (Mark) and his pal Chaerephon (Eileen), at the behest of Callicles (Dylan), call on the famous orato...
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1hr 23m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1357967817" data-format="short_date">Jan 12, 2013</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528734-chalmers-on-scrutability-with-chalmers-as-guest-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397184/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397184/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397184/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397184/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397184/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #e6ddcf; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397184/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Chalmers on Scrutability (with Chalmers as guest) - Partially Examined Life
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On his book Constructing the World (2012).

How are all the various truths about the world related to each other? David Chalmers, famous for advocating a scientifically respectable form of brain-consciousness dualism, advocates a framework of scrutability: if one knew some set of base truths, then the rest would be knowable from them. What sort of base? Well, there may be many principles bases,...
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1hr 34m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1356146963" data-format="short_date">Dec 22, 2012</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528735-not-school-digest-dec-2013-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #615351; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397272/1400x1400/c" />
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Not School Digest Dec 2013 - Partially Examined Life
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Excerpts of discussions about David Chalmers’s The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory, Thomas Nagel’s Mind and Cosmos, and Paul Auster’s City of Glass.

What’s the relation between mind and brain? What is consciousness? Can science study consciousness, and can evolution really account for it? What is the self and how does this relate to language? All these questions are tackled i...
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528736-carnap-on-language-and-logic-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397167/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397167/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397167/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397167/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397167/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5a5859; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397167/1400x1400/c" />
<div class="vstack gap-1 my-auto">
<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Carnap on Language and Logic - Partially Examined Life
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On Rudolph Carnap’s The Logical Structure of the World (1928).

What can we know? Carnap thinks that all the various spheres of knowledge (e.g. particle physics, attributions of mental states, moral claims, the economy) are logically interrelated, that you can in fact translate sentences about any of these into sentences about sets of basic, momentary experiences. This book, better known as the...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1354899683" data-format="short_date">Dec 07, 2012</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528738-quine-on-linguistic-meaning-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397164/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397164/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397164/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397164/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397164/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #5e4a42; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397164/1400x1400/c" />
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Quine on Linguistic Meaning - Partially Examined Life
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On W.V.O. Quine’s “On What There Is” (1948) and “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” (1951).

What kind of metaphysics is compatible with science? Quine sees science and philosophy as one and the same enterprise, and objects to ontologies that include types of entities that science can’t, even in principle, study. In these two highly influential essays, he first tells how to determine what ontological co...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1353513123" data-format="short_date">Nov 21, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 57m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528739-celebrating-2-million-downloads-highlight-reel-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397281/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397281/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397281/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397281/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397281/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #fefefe; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397281/1400x1400/c" />
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Celebrating 2 Million Downloads Highlight Reel - Partially Examined Life
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As of 11/7/2012 we hit two million downloads; the screenshot above shows our stats as of this morning. (For those of you keeping track, we hit 1 million last May.) In honor of this, we’ve got some special recycled audio for you all.#Philosophy
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1352396617" data-format="short_date">Nov 08, 2012</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528743-existentialist-heros-in-no-country-for-old-men-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397155/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397155/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397155/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397155/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397155/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #6a6764; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397155/1400x1400/c" />
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Existentialist Heros in No Country for Old Men - Partially Examined Life
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<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
On philosophical issues in McCarthy’s 2005 novel about guys running around with drug money and shooting each other and about fiction as a form for exploring philosophical ideas.

What can morality mean for people who have witnessed the “death of God,” i.e. a loss in faith in light of the horrors of war? For both the protagonist and antagonist in “No Country for Old Men,” morality is about being...
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1hr 49m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1348257015" data-format="short_date">Sep 21, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 49m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528744-voltaire-s-candide-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397150/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397150/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397150/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397150/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397150/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #3c3944; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397150/1400x1400/c" />
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<h5 class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-h fs-6 fs-5-lg fw-normal mb-0">
Voltaire&#39;s Candide - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
<div class="text-line-clamp text-line-clamp-3 balanced-p fs-8 text-muted text-break">
Is life good? Popular Enlightenment philosopher Leibniz argued that it’s good by definition. God is perfectly good and all-powerful, so whatever he created must have been as good as it can be; we live in the best of all possible worlds.

Voltaire loads this satirical adventure story up with horrific violence to demonstrate that Leibniz’s position is just silly. Life is filled with suffering, an...
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<span class="numeric-tabular d-sm-none">
1hr 27m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1346863102" data-format="short_date">Sep 05, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 27m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528745-nietzsche-on-truth-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5394801/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394801/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394801/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394801/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394801/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #f5e696; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5394801/1400x1400/c" />
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Nietzsche on Truth - Partially Examined Life
</h5>
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What is truth? This essay, written early in Nietzsche’s career but unpublished during his lifetime, is taken by many to make the extreme claim that there is no truth, that all of the “truths” we tell each other are just agreements by social convention.

The regular foursome are joined by a U. Texas grad school classmate, Jessica Berry from Georgia State University. She argues that Nietzsche is ...
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1hr 49m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1345072300" data-format="short_date">Aug 15, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 49m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528746-aristotle-on-the-best-form-of-government-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397145/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397145/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397145/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397145/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397145/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #866d5d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397145/1400x1400/c" />
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Aristotle on the Best Form of Government - Partially Examined Life
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On Aristotle’s Politics (350 BCE), books 1 (ch 1-2), 3, 4 (ch 1-3), 5 (ch 1 -2), 6 (ch 1-6), and 7 (ch. 1-3, 13-15).

Aristotle provides both a taxonomy of the types of government, based on observations of numerous constitutions of the states of his time, and prescriptions on how to best order a state. These are meant to be practical; though he does spend some time on the “ideal” government, he...
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1hr 41m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1343019384" data-format="short_date">Jul 23, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 41m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528748-macintyre-on-moral-justification-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397134/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397134/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397134/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397134/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397134/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #57554c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397134/1400x1400/c" />
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MacIntyre on Moral Justification - Partially Examined Life
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On Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (1981), mostly ch. 3-7 and 14-17.

What justifies ethical claims? MacIntyre claims that no modern attempt to ground ethics has worked, and that’s because we&#39;ve abandoned Aristotle. We see facts and values as fundamentally different: the things science discovers vs. these weird things that have nothing to do with science. In Aristotle...
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1hr 44m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1341499389" data-format="short_date">Jul 05, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 44m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528753-bergson-on-humor-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397131/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397131/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397131/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397131/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397131/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #4c4c4c; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397131/1400x1400/c" />
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Bergson on Humor - Partially Examined Life
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On Bergson’s Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic (1900).

What is humor? Bergson says that, fundamentally, we laugh as a form of social corrective when others are slow to adapt to society’s demands. Other types of humor are derivative from this: just as the clown falls on his face because of a (pretended) physical flaw, as if he’s a machine that doesn&#39;t work and so becomes noticeable...
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1hr 43m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1338481508" data-format="short_date">May 31, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 43m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528756-wittgenstein-s-philosophical-investigations-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5397115/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397115/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397115/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397115/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5397115/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #ded4d8; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5397115/1400x1400/c" />
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Wittgenstein&#39;s Philosophical Investigations - Partially Examined Life
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On Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations, Part I, sections 1-33 and 191-360 (written around 1946).

What is linguistic meaning? Wittgenstein argues that it’s not some mysterious entity in the mind, but that it is a public matter: you understand a word if you can use it appropriately, and you know the context in which it’s appropriate to use it and how to react when you hear it in t...
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1hr 52m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1335990061" data-format="short_date">May 02, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 52m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528757-more-buddhism-and-naturalism-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5396018/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5396018/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5396018/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5396018/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5396018/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #251d14; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5396018/1400x1400/c" />
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More Buddhism and Naturalism - Partially Examined Life
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Continuing our discussion of Owen Flanagan’s The Bodhisattva’s Brain: Buddhism Naturalized (2011).

Are the basic tenets of Buddhism compatible with a respect for science? In episode 53, Owen Flanagan outlined a science-friendly project of comparative ethics, and touched on Buddhism’s empiricist theory of knowledge and its metaphysics of impermanence. If that was the lecture, this episode is th...
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1hr 37m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1333752020" data-format="short_date">Apr 06, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 37m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528758-owen-flanagan-on-buddhism-naturalized-with-flanagan-as-guest-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395900/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395900/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395900/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395900/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395900/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #634b45; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395900/1400x1400/c" />
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Owen Flanagan on Buddhism Naturalized (with Flanagan as guest) - Partially Examined Life
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Discussing The Bodhisattva’s Brain: Buddhism Naturalized (2011) with Owen Flanagan.

What philosophical insights can we modern folks with our science and naturalism (i.e. inclination against super-natural explanations) glean from Buddhisim? Flanagan says plenty: Buddhism is founded on common human experience (not faith), and we can profitably put Buddhist ethics in dialogue with familiar types ...
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2hr 3m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1332792707" data-format="short_date">Mar 26, 2012</span></span>
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2hr 3m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528759-philosophy-and-race-dubois-martin-luther-king-cornel-west-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395834/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395834/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395834/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395834/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395834/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2e2e2e; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395834/1400x1400/c" />
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Philosophy and Race (DuBois, Martin Luther King, Cornel West) - Partially Examined Life
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*W.E.B. DuBois’s “Of Our Spiritual Strivings” (1903)*Cornel West’s “A Genealogy of Modern Racism” (1982)*Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” (1963) and “The Black Power Defined” (1967)*Malcolm X’s “The Black Revolution” (1963).

What kind of philosophical lessons come out of the history of black oppression in America? Historian and intellectual DuBois describes the “double co...
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1hr 52m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1332028236" data-format="short_date">Mar 17, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 52m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528760-semiotics-and-structuralism-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395689/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395689/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395689/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395689/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395689/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #353535; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395689/1400x1400/c" />
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Semiotics and Structuralism - Partially Examined Life
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On Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics (1916) (Part I and Part II, Ch. 4), Claude Levi-Strauss’s “The Structural Study of Myth” (1955), and Jacques Derrida’s “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences” (1966).

What is language? What is the relation between language and reality? Saussure argued that a language at a given time has a structure, where you c...
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1hr 47m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1330116831" data-format="short_date">Feb 24, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 47m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528761-zen-and-the-art-of-motorcycle-maintenance-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395617/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395617/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395617/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395617/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395617/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #2b2b2b; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395617/1400x1400/c" />
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Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance - Partially Examined Life
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On Robert M. Pirsig’s philosophical, autobiographical novel from 1974.

What’s the relationship between science and values? Pirsig thinks that modern rationality, by insisting on the fundamental distinction between objects (matter) and subjects (people), labels value judgments as irrational. Society therefore largely ignores aesthetic considerations in the buildings and machines that litter our...
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1hr 26m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1328299701" data-format="short_date">Feb 03, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 26m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528762-foucault-on-power-and-punishment-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395363/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395363/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395363/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395363/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395363/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #9d9d9d; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395363/1400x1400/c" />
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Foucault on Power and Punishment - Partially Examined Life
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Discussing Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punish (1975), parts 1, 2 and section 3 of part 3.

Are we really free? Kings no longer exert absolute and arbitrary power over us, but Foucault’s picture of the evolution from torture and public executions to rehabilitative, medical-style incarceration is not so much a triumph of liberty but a shift to more subtle but more pervasive exertions of powe...
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1hr 42m
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1326312606" data-format="short_date">Jan 11, 2012</span></span>
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1hr 42m
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528764-merleau-ponty-on-perception-and-knowledge-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
<div class="l-flex align-items-baseline gap-2 gap-md-3">
<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5394644/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394644/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394644/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394644/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5394644/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #343434; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5394644/1400x1400/c" />
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Merleau-Ponty on Perception and Knowledge - Partially Examined Life
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Discussing Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s “Primacy of Perception” (1946) and The World of Perception (1948).

What is the relation of perception to knowledge? In M-P’s phenomenology, perception is primary: even our knowledge of mathematical truths is in some way conditioned by and dependent on the fact that we are creatures with bodies and senses that work the way they do. Science is great, but it doe...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1324098953" data-format="short_date">Dec 17, 2011</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528770-hume-and-smith-on-moral-sense-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395301/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395301/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395301/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395301/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395301/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #292322; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395301/1400x1400/c" />
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Hume and Smith on Moral Sense - Partially Examined Life
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Discussing parts of David Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature (1740) and Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759).

Where do we get our moral ideas? Hume and Smith both thought that we get them by reflecting on our own moral judgments and on how we and others (including imaginary, hypothesized others) in turn judge those judgments. Mark, Wes, Seth, and guest Getty Lustila, a phil grad stu...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1319866817" data-format="short_date">Oct 29, 2011</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528772-episode-44-new-atheist-critiques-of-religion"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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Episode 44: New Atheist Critiques of Religion
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Discussing selections from Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Daniel C. Dennett. Should we be religious, or is religion just a bunch of superstitious nonsense that it’s past time for us to outgrow? Does faith lead to ceding to authority and potential violence? Can a reasonable person be religious? We say lots of rude Read more...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1318368712" data-format="short_date">Oct 11, 2011</span></span>
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Episode 43: Arguments for the Existence of God
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Discussing the arguments by Descartes, St. Anselm, Thomas Aquinas, William Paley, Kant, and others, as analyzed in J.L. Mackie’s The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God (1983), chapters 1-3, 5-6, 8, and 11. Are the ontological, cosmological, and teleological (argument from design) arguments for God’s existence any good? Mackie, a Read more...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1316064544" data-format="short_date">Sep 15, 2011</span></span>
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Episode 42: Feminists on Human Nature and Moral Psychology
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Discussing Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s utopian novel Herland (1915) and psychologist Carol Gilligan’s In a Different Voice (1983). How does human nature, and specifically moral psychology, vary by sex? Charlotte Perkins Gilman claims that when philosophers have described human nature as violent and selfish, they have in mind solely male nature. Females, left to themselves in Read more...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1315244410" data-format="short_date">Sep 05, 2011</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528776-churchland-on-the-neurobiology-of-morality-with-churchland-as-guest-partially-examined-life"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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<img srcset="https://audioboom.com/i/5395339/75x75/c 75w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395339/150x150/c 150w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395339/300x300/c 300w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395339/600x600/c 600w, https://audioboom.com/i/5395339/1400x1400/c 1400w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 64px, 96px" style="background-color: #a39182; max-width: 96px; width: 15cqw;" class="js-img-bg ratio-square rounded-1" loading="lazy" src="https://audioboom.com/i/5395339/1400x1400/c" />
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Churchland on the Neurobiology of Morality (with Churchland as guest) - Partially Examined Life
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We spoke with Patricia Churchland after reading her new book Braintrust: What Neuroscience Tells Us About Morality. We also discussed David Hume’s ethics as foundational to her work, reading his Treatise on Human Nature (1739), Book III, Part I and his Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751), Section V, Parts I and II.

What does the physiology of the brain have to do with ethics? Wh...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1311042472" data-format="short_date">Jul 19, 2011</span></span>
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Episode 40: Plato’s Republic: What Is Justice?
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Discussing The Republic by Plato, primarily books 1 and 2. What is justice? What is the ideal type of government? In the dialogue, Socrates argues that justice is real (not just a fiction the strong make up) and that it’s not relative to who you are (in the sense that it would always be just Read more...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1310429122" data-format="short_date">Jul 12, 2011</span></span>
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<a class="text-decoration-none" href="/posts/1528779-episode-39-schleiermacher-defends-religion"><div class="Episode-list-grid card-body pan">
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Episode 39: Schleiermacher Defends Religion
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Discussing Friedrich Schleiermacher’s “On Religion; Speeches to its Cultured Despisers” (1799, with notes added 1821), first and second speeches. Does religion necessarily conflict with science? Schleiermacher says no: the essence of religion is an emotional response to life; it doesn’t give knowledge or even tell us what to do exactly. Moreover, this attitude is a Read more...
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<span><span class="js-time" data-epochtime="1307735599" data-format="short_date">Jun 10, 2011</span></span>
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