Guano and the Double-Edged Sword of Industrial Farming Guest: Stephen Moss Book Title: Ten Birds That Changed the World The story of the cormorant centers on guano, a nitrogen-rich fertilizer that once made businessmen like William Gibbs the richest commo

Guano and the Double-Edged Sword of Industrial Farming Guest: Stephen Moss Book Title: Ten Birds That Changed the World The story of the cormorant centers on guano, a nitrogen-rich fertilizer that once made businessmen like William Gibbs the richest commoners in England. While the Inca had used guano for centuries, the 19th-century trade was built on the tragic exploitation of Chinese indentured laborers on arid Peruvian islands. This "natural" fertilizer era eventually gave way to the Haber-Bosch process, which allowed for the mass production of synthetic nitrates. Mossargues that while this "high farming" prevented starvation, it led to a "drug addict" dependency on chemicals that has devastated wildlife. Farmland birds like the partridge and skylark have declined sharply as intensive practices destroy insects and degrade soil. Citing Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, Moss highlights that the same agricultural revolution that boosted yields also created an ecological crisis, leaving many modern fields "hopeless for wildlife." (6)
1658 HUNTING PARTRIDGES