Nick Lloyd surveys the diverse personalities of the French high command, beginning with Joseph Joffre, whose "earthiness" and calm "gravitas" were essential in absorbing the shock of the 1914 German invasion. While Joffre provided stability, the war also

Nick Lloyd surveys the diverse personalities of the French high command, beginning with Joseph Joffre, whose "earthiness" and calm "gravitas" were essential in absorbing the shock of the 1914 German invasion. While Joffre provided stability, the war also saw the meteoric rise and subsequent failure of Robert Nivelle, an artillery officer whose overconfidence in a "magic touch" led to the disastrous Nivelle Offensive in 1917. Following Nivelle, Philippe Pétainemerged as a "savior of France," noted for his deep connection to his troops and his refusal to sacrifice them in impossible situations. Finally, the narrative introduces Ferdinand Foch, the "Eisenhower of the first war," who possessed the energetic spirit and diplomatic skill to coordinate the multinational forces of the British, Americans, and French toward final victory in 1918. These leaders highlight the internal French struggle to reassert political primacy over military dictatorships while enduring outsized sacrifices on their own soil. (4)
1914