Christopher Mason, a geneticist and NASA investigator and author of The Next 500 Years: Engineering Life to Reach New Worlds, outlines a 500-year plan to enable human survival beyond Earth. Central to his vision is the deontogenic ethical framework, which

Christopher Mason, a geneticist and NASA investigator and author of The Next 500 Years: Engineering Life to Reach New Worlds, outlines a 500-year plan to enable human survival beyond Earth. Central to his vision is the deontogenic ethical framework, which asserts that humanity has a "genetic duty" to serve as guardians of life across the universe. To facilitate interstellar travel on generation ships, Mason proposes using advanced tools like CRISPR to edit human genomes and epigenomes to survive extreme environments. This includes adapting biological lessons from tardigrades for radiation resistance and bears for hibernation during long transit. He envisions "chloro-humans" capable of photosynthesis and humans who can synthesize their own essential vitamins. Beyond biological tweaks, Mason discusses ectogenesis (artificial uteruses) to manage human development during multi-generational journeys. While radical, Mason argues these modifications ensure "planetary liberty," allowing humans to inhabit worlds like Mars or Titan safely. (1)