Violence Exposure and Adolescent Conduct. A 'Mind the Kids' podcast

Can behaviour be understood without understanding the violence that surrounds it?

This episode of the Mind the Kids podcast features Susan Swingler, a researcher at the University of Oxford's Department of Social Policy and Intervention, who recently completed a PhD in social intervention and policy evaluation. Her research focuses on how young people respond to chronic stress and violence exposure in low- and middle-income country contexts, and how this shapes mental health and behavioural development through adolescence.

Hosted by Mark Tebbs, the conversation explores a landmark near two-decade longitudinal study built on data from the Thula Sana birth cohort in Khayelitsha, South Africa, conducted with colleagues Qing Han, Alexis E. Cullen, Stefani du Toit, Sarah Skeen, Jane Barlow, and Mark Tomlinson.

The discussion centres on adolescent conduct problems — persistent patterns of aggression and rule-breaking that place young people at higher risk of anti-social behaviour and poorer mental health. Susan explains why violence exposure between the ages of 12 and 14 is best understood in context rather than as an individual failing, and outlines how the study tracked adolescents from early into late adolescence using both self-report and caregiver-report measures across a community shaped by decades of structural disadvantage.

Drawing on one of the longest-running adolescent cohort studies in a high-adversity setting, Susan shares the study's central finding: violence exposure in early adolescence predicted higher conduct problems both at the time and four years later in late adolescence, even after accounting for broader socioeconomic hardship — while the reverse pathway, from conduct problems to later violence exposure, was not statistically significant. The conversation also explores exploratory sex differences in these pathways, the extraordinary effort required to retain 70% of the original cohort across 20 years, and what genuinely contextually grounded violence prevention could look like using the WHO's INSPIRE framework.

This conversation is essential listening for clinicians, researchers, educators, and policymakers interested in child and adolescent mental health, developmental psychopathology, and violence prevention in low-resource settings. It offers both rigorous longitudinal evidence and a clear message: adolescence is not too late for intervention, and understanding the context around a young person's behaviour is key to changing it.

Read the JCPP paper 'Longitudinal associations between violence exposure and adolescent conduct problems in a high-adversity, South African setting'
Susan Swingler, Qing Han, Alexis E. Cullen, Stefani du Toit, Sarah Skeen, Jane Barlow, Mark Tomlinson
First published: 11 February 2026
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70132

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